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Socrates: The "Christ" of philosophy

Posted on by Dimitris Dimarelos

Before asking any question for debate, It would be good to reach out a little the enigmatic face of Socrates. The emblematically philosopher lived in the 5th century BC. in Athens ' golden age ', from which almost never moved, unless exempt service of some martial campaigns. He was the son of Swfroniskoy and Fainaretis, and his mother know that he practiced the profession of midwifery – feature that the strongly marked in his life.

The parallels with Christ is an attitude that can make anyone if they give their lives side by side. Both didn't leave anything in written form behind them, had a circle (young in age) students, would not accept a fee for the ' teaching ' them (Socrates will not ever accept the characterization of the teacher), their ideas have brought into question the thought patterns and the most fundamental concepts of their time, and, of course, sentenced to death by their societies for bogus categories.

Another special feature is the introduction of Socrates as the most fundamental shift and dichotomy in history of philosophy – as we define chronologically human history in years before and after Christ, so we can separate the philosophy, or rather the philosophers, in proswkratikoys and metaswkratikoys, in "natural" and "humanists". The weight of the phenomenon of Socrates caused the shifting of the core concern of thinkers – before him, philosophers have dealt with natural phenomena, the world, the universe, While following this focus becomes man and the correlation of the existence. One little known position on the issue is as follows:

"Socrates free philosophy from the stars to Earth, and put it in people's homes»

The last item you quote before we start is to identify with whom Socrates will deal. Sounds like an oxymoron, but not only is not, but is one of the biggest concerns in the history of philosophy, known as "Swkratiko Problem". As is natural, When someone doesn't leave a trail of writings, the words and lessons of twist and altered by the light of thought of people or students who will record on the pages of history. For the sake of Socrates, This "debt" was the student of Plato, who appointed him as the protagonist and main speaker all dialogues/works.

And here the question arises. If we take from the beginning to the end all the Platonic dialogues Socrates and regard him as a person, Obviously we will have to do with a personality completely schizophrenic. Why this happens; Because the early dialogues, find a Socrates immersed in the sincerity of his ignorance, a thinker who plunges his interlocutors in the chaos of "En oIda ὅτι oyden oIda", a teacher who refuses to teach and who invites his students to find their own truth. Downstream though dialogues, We are a completely different person – Socrates most uses ignorance as a trick and weapon dialectic, enforce and chases absolute meanings and aetiological definitions. We have therefore Socrates of ignorance, and Socrates of definitions and objective truth (him who excommunicated Nietzsche in Twilight of the idols).

Why this happens; One possible explanation is that Plato in the early works had no time to put his own way of thinking and his personal value system, as a result, lists and driven by the thought of his teacher, from which was still strongly influenced. And, following, When he arrived in the conception of the world of ideas, When you set the ideal State, then simply adapted the person of Socrates in his beliefs, used it as a base to support their own beliefs.

I will not analyze other, and the truth is that the koyrasame pretty. Anyone who cares more for the Swkratiko Problem, excellent is the book of François Roustang called: "The secret of Socrates for the change of life", It highlights in particular the Socrates of ignorance, with whom will address later in this article.

The psychoanalytic process today

Psychoanalysis today, as established by thinkers like Freud and Jung (who of course were influenced by other thinkers, like Dostoyevsky) defined as a process of interpreting the human psyche recital, aimed at finding the underlying reasons of thought and deed we, with a view to effective understanding of self and, Consequently, improve our lives through the catharsis and endogenous conception offer. Simply put: talk, We analyze our actions, We understand why we are doing it as we do (and by extension, Why aren't we happy), in order to understand, to realize the s-log of our movements, and to make our life a new level of consciousness in which we are more vigorous and free-as much as possible- from the psychological trauma and the "shadows" of the past.

Is, Therefore, a process of reflection on the "why" – in a "why" personal and subjective. Somehow filosofoyme, We analyze the "I", trying to understand and realize. It is a long-term process, painful and difficult, and as Jung:

"The consciousness does not come without pain"

This at least is the majority position of psychoanalysis today, that not only is the core of the modern Western world, but as Osho: "The religion of the modern man". The belief that is that under the ego lurks an abyss unconscious, that human existence we can and must interpret causally. Radicals have undoubtedly in Aristotelian thought and, mainly, in Christianity. Here too we will begin the review and I'll explain why Socrates of ignorance, the-probably- authentic Socrates, will throw in Freud and cuff aforize vertical process of psychoanalysis in its entirety.

The first element is that the psychoanalytic process raised by humans as a patient – anyone wants to follow psychoanalysis sessions, can only accept himself as "weak" and the psychoanalyst as "therapist", or at least as a "connoisseur", holder of a higher consciousness. The thing though is not enough as there, as one of the most focal points of the process is the premise of "patient" that actually is sick, they actually have a problem that we must solve. The man therefore, from the outset confine itself to the definition of "problem", within the framework of misery or-at least- non-eytychias΄ different, the process becomes senseless. As Osho said, that unwittingly I, has that seem the Honorable in this article:

"Psychoanalysis does not have to say anything about the happy man"

With what another process can we associate the psychoanalysis; One reasonable answer is with the Christian confession. The similarities and correlations vary:

(a)) The definition "sinner/patient" as "sinner/unhappy".

(b)) The "priest/healer», who can help him to interpret the "divine will/subconscious".

(c)) The "blessing/specialisation" of "priest/healer», that makes him responsible and competent to define the framework and the process (and, apparently, in many ways, «superior» of the «sinner/patient»).

(d)) The explanatory approach of the «it» of «sinner/patient», in the form of ' divine errand/subconscious ", the non-understanding of which and the inability to do so based on what, makes him unhappy.

(e)) The root of misery of "sinner-therapist" in the past, and specifically in "original sin/childhood trauma ', not the slightest reason itself.

Hopefully we can find other, I do not think that there is reason. Maybe it's bold assertion, but this form of psychoanalysis is somehow a disguised confession Christian press. This of course does not apply to the total of psychanalytwn, Since there are always those who deviate from the absurdity of the majority of the art/way of thinking – like the starets Zosimas in "Brothers Karamazov" by Dostoevsky, that was anything but ' ordinary ' priest, a and gave generously to smile "sinners" and behave like normal people, not like ypanthrwpoys hanging on the brink of hell.

So we have this form of psychoanalysis, which by default creates human illness to have a raison d ' être and application – a process which creates problems and "deep-rooted trauma" (that is nothing less than a totally superficial ramblings) to maintain the "mainstream" of flow and evolution. A process that plunges man into a mire anaitias complexity (that of course exalted as ' essential ' depth) and that stave off the simple thought of as "superficial" and as absolutely useless in search of consciousness and understanding. A system of thought that produce "logical idiots», you are able to roll out myriad reasons for their misery, but that cannot be left to a single moment of happiness.

Against this, however, psychoanalysis, We can use the dialogue of Socrates.

The Swkratikos dialogue, or else the psychoanalysis of happiness

"Socrates was the first therapist»
-François Roustang

Socrates ' healer ' (probably, Neither this definition will accept myself) has nothing to do with the modern psychoanalyst. Doesn't claim to know something or that is superior to the partner of, at any level – and this is an honest and effective deposit. Accepts and highlights his ignorance in every opportunity. Claims and actually discusses and does so in the knowledge that in fact does not know absolutely nothing, whether we are talking about the physical reality, either for being human. Hence, are unable to invest more of their meaning in any sense, rather than simply asking the likes.

Questions, repeated questions, This is just to give, These function as poliorkitikoi Rams on ethics firmament, beliefs and "know" his partner, and not as excuses to find values or grasping something beyond his ignorance. You can't even debate, a Ki Socrates refuses to support and to support any location – with attitude, all it does is to show off the horse's partner locations. To try to have a confrontation with him, It's like they try to anagkaseis your image in the mirror not to follow. The other person gets gradually through dialogue in a situation true ignorance (or ' sedation ', as reported by the Workers in the homonymous dialogue, featuring Socrates as a marine mine), While the patient of contemporary psychoanalysis, with the end of the session, located in a situation false knowledge. Socrates helps to realize the other ones who don't know, While the psychoanalyst to thinks that it knows something. The thought stream of eccentric philosopher is like water of Taoism, is both soft and hard, Welcoming but also trapped and neutralizes.

"This thing started happening to me since I was a kid, a voice I hear inside my, which when played, prevents me to do some actions, but I do submit ever what to do. "

And, Since we mentioned the well-known acumen of Socrates, Let's stay on it, After this concentrated all the substance of his teaching. Firstly, to put the fundamental opposition to the voice of the enochikotitas of the modern patient. Modern man, the patient, listening continuously mid what I "should" be doing – how could it be more efficient, how his life could be better, how I enjoyed more appreciation from those around him, Ms.. Endogenous voice of the modern patient does nothing else than the smothering in a hurricane of endless "I", that in turn compel imagining and wishes idealized conditions, and of course, to deny the tangible reality. "If he hadn't done it by accident, now will I walked ", "If I hadn't missed the bus, I would not take long ", "If my mother was better, I'd be healthier», "If I was more interesting, I could have him for companion», If, If, If. This is the inner voice of man today, an irrepressible monologue repeated If.

I lived on the edge of the cliff
of insanity, wanting to know the causes,
banging on a door. Opens.
Chtypoysa from within.
-Rumi

The acumen of Socrates but, is totally different. Does not evaluate the reality, don't judge situations, does not break thoughts, hunts not causes. Has only two functions: accepts and instructs.

Accepts, because no judge. And guides, because "crying" when something standing obstacle to truly human "I want". This simple and effective guidance is the root of most true morality, of ethics that-irrespective of how and why- We all have within us. But as moral course does not define the "moral guilt", the "Christian ethics", but the morality of joy, the morality of Zarathustra – our tendency to fight against everything doesn't feel authentic, anything that conflicts with the ' is ' of us and in which we cannot be our self.

The modern psychoanalyst listening to these words I chazogelasei, We will look on the one hand high and say that this is all poppycock, utopias and idealized blahs. Yet, We must have the courage to look him in the eye and support our truth. Because all of us, but all, We know When something just doesn't like us. Like We know When something we like, When something is authentic about us, When something is "is" us to rejoice. We feel the joy of doing things that basically we like, and feel the discomfort to do something that just is not expressed as entities. And this feeling is a thousand times more tangible, true and clear from all rational "realizations" that we can get through the alleged analysis of "subconscious" ourselves.

You know what you like, and what you don't like – the feel, It's so simple. This is the whisper of demon who tries to wake up within the interlocutors of the Socrates, which no longer sounds in noise that has been generated within the mind. Losers in the complexity and dysleitoyrgikotita of thinking, people just mpoyrdoyklwnontai in their every thought, confuse feelings with logic, trying to give value through logical processes – arrived at the height of insanity, want to know why (!) is happy to allow themselves to be happy.

"If you don't get what you want, suffer. If you get what you don't want, suffer. Even if you get exactly what you want, again suffer because you can't always bookings. Your mind is the cause of your discomfort. Wants to be free of change. Free from pain, free from the obligations towards death and life. But the change is the law and all the hypocrisy in the world isn't enough to deform this fact»

Through these words of Socrates, We can understand the essence of ignorance. Socrates knows nothing, because they live in a reality of becoming, because it accepts completely the-eternally changing- now, free from the ghosts of the past and the future Fireworks. But once you know something right now, How is this knowledge to apply the next time, life itself will have changed; You cannot cross the same river twice, because either you're the same, nor this one. You won't find the idea, the situation or the realization that I'll secure forever the joy – joy must as they become available and to allow to get inside you every time. Just "being" and there is no reason to want to "be" otherwise, in the absence of this otherwise. And this is not the reason to sit in your eggs, to stay stationary, but the biggest reason to "dance among the stars". Life to christen and apoklirwnei in every step, allows you to exagnisteis and anagennitheis from your ashes every second – what is the reason to fear this;

Change and acceptance of change – a constantly changing scene, an endless excess without target. This process is performed the initiation in the art of happiness.

This is the paradox of life and happiness, and joy to find only the irrational, and not to the logical. Why, as Camus:

"The effort itself to reach the heights is enough to fill a man's heart. One should imagine the real Sisyphus happy "

http://kammenatetradia.com

What ate the army of Alexander for energy

Herbs for storage and survival

Βότανα για αποθήκευση και επιβίωση

The following herbs are nutritious as well as therapeutic and can help us as a concentrated food sources at a time when there aren't many fruits, vegetables, cereals, nuts and seeds.

Extra
That epibiwneis with little food, taking vitamins from a single plant.
What we give to get weight patients who don't eat.
What ate the army of Alexander for energy-what is it 50 times sweeter than sugar and grows in Greece;
What we use to serious external wounds and corrupting.

Alfalfa the Tamer, clover (Ellobokarpa or Chedrwpa)Medicago sativa, alfalfa (Leguminosae)

Alfalfa (Arabic the "father of food»
Contains proteins, chlorophyll, vitamins a, B12, K, C, P, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and potassium. The underground root of alfalfa can be deeply extended several meters below ground level, picking up many minerals from the bowels of the Earth. A plant with shorter kontoteri root can't do this. Alfalfa can be used as a food or food supplement. Contains essential hormones and enzymes that are needed to keep running the pituitary and adrenal glands.
There is a story that we tell in several lectures and courses, for the family, which was being held in a concentration camp during the Nazi occupation of Europe. This family found the strength to manage until the end of the war, where freed. The key was a clover plant that grew in the corner inside the fence on the inner side of the fence. Each family member take secrets some leaves of the plant every day … allowing Shamrock to replenish its leaves throughout the year. The family received the necessary nutrients from the plant. These nutrients were not provided by the poor quality and rare soup kitchens. The family maintained their health, while others around them were dying from malnutrition.

Askofyllo, The alga fyskwdes (Fykides) Fucus vesiculosus, Kelp or Dulse (Fucaceae)

Βότανα για αποθήκευση και επιβίωση

Seaweed, dried and grated powder or granules
These plants originate from the ocean (native to the coasts of the northern Atlantic and Western Mediterranean). They also contain essential protein, vitamins (including B12), metals, plus approximately 35 trace minerals needed by the body to function well. Organic iodine supplied by algae will rebuild and will take care of the thyroid gland. Seaweed kelp have a salty taste, speech of high content in potassium, so we give flavor to other foods as an excellent substitute salt, without the negative impact of.
We know a couple who lived in a beach away from the “culture”.
When the mushrooms and other wild grasses were few and rare in the hinterland, done with fresh fresh seaweed kelp that xebrazontan by the sea. Often made soup algae or kelp seaweed kelp which glykainan drink with honey and fresh water.

Ptelea the Griffon, common Elm (Oylmides)-Ulmus Rubra, slippery elm (Ulmaceae)

Βότανα για αποθήκευση και επιβίωση

Elm powder
Is high in protein and vegetable gelatin. Someone could thrive very well with Elm and only. We have seen several cases where young children lose weight quickly and become weak by some apodynamwtiki disease. Often they can't keep their instruments, no normal eating. When placed in Elm porridge, a combination of Elm powder, water and honey made like a fine paste, not only survived, but in fact gained weight and regained their health. The taste is very good also. It is pleasant, nourishing and "fills".

Βότανα για αποθήκευση και επιβίωση

Licorice the booty, regolitsa, aglykorriza (Chedrwpa)-Glycyrrhiza Glabra, Liquorice (Leguminosae)

Βότανα για αποθήκευση και επιβίωση

Licorice root powder
The adrenals need one "power" every 5 hours, to maintain the body's energy. If a meal or some other food not available, the root of the liquorice will replenish the adrenals.

Βότανα για αποθήκευση και επιβίωση

The armies of Alexander the liquorice roots relocated to the great marches of their campaign, to take action, strength and endurance. A far superior energy tonic, of the current bar, sugar, chocolate, Candy given to the poor GI, from the army. The licorice apiseis stops the hunger and thirst.
A tablespoon of powdered liquorice root in one liter of water (shake well) and received with full SIPs during the day, will retain the energy of a man who needs to stay vigilant, on a long journey by car for example.
Licorice tea is a wonderful refreshing pick-me-up!
A group of women who worked the night shift at a factory radios were nervously from the caffeine took to stay xypnies. Changed in liquorice tablets and found that their action could be maintained throughout the night, without the effects of caffeine.
The liquorice root is an excellent choice for a herb store, He has even found in Egyptian tombs!

Congenital medicinal, stekoyli, chontroytsiko (Boraginides)
Symphytum officinale, comfrey (Boraginaceae)

Βότανα για αποθήκευση και επιβίωση

Powdered root or leaf symfytoy
This herb is nutritious, and farmakeytiko. The powdered root or leaves symfytoy, is one sublime food. Congenital contains high amounts of protein, and calcium. The root or leaves can become a tea or added to green juice. Several people we know have used the root powder as a thickener in soups and stews them: much more valuable than flour or corn starch.

ALTHEA medication, neromolocha (Malachides)-Althaea officinalis, Marshmallow (Malvaceae)

Βότανα για αποθήκευση και επιβίωση

Root neromolochas
This is an invaluable herb that can be used as vegetable food, as well as soothing bath for healing the worst open wounds, particularly of gangrene. The powdered root can be reconstituted neromolochas in its natural condition and used as a drink (a tea or thicker if you want) You can keep someone from starvation. It's full of vegetable proteins. It also enhances the flow of milk of mother.

Photos:Source Wikipedia.org: http://articles.herballegacy.com

– See more at: http://www.ftiaxno.gr/2013/06/botana-epibiosi.html#sthash.mwGe6ahE.dpuf

Amphipolis.gr | Αναζητώντας τον Μέγα Αλέξανδρο

Η αρχαιολόγος Αγγελική Κοτταρίδη γράφει για τη διαρκή αναζήτηση του Μεγάλου Αλεξάνδρου, How is connected with the polite version of globalisation and for the three levels of the Digital Museum is dedicated to the King of Macedon
Αναζητώντας τον Μέγα Αλέξανδρο
The "phenomenon of Amphipolis ' deserves to be studied in depth, However, the obvious conclusion is that reaches the slightest suspicion of Association – as ignorant of history and superficial though it is this – a monument to the Megalexandro, with the family or its environment, to make this, even before revealed, «Majestic», «unique», «unique», «Ecumenical»… worthy of special, absolutely privileged "management". And this in a country that if something's missing, This is ancient monuments with really huge artistic value and historical significance…
Those, of course, have you ever seriously know – the ancient sources is lalistates at this point – that the body of Alexander, who left his last breath in Babylon the 323 e.g., balsamwthike and after two years – both took the preparation of fittings trolley and other necessary for the "funeral" – started the trip to return at Aigai, the land of ancestors, where the untouchable custom stipulated buried the Timenides Kings of Macedon…
The procession, that seemed to be more image than sacred funeral procession, crossed Mesopotamia and Syria, but never arrived in Macedonia… Ptolemy grabbed the body and built up of a Kingdom, the Perdiccas, trying to recover the body and power, the slain soldiers were decimated by the crocodiles in the mud of the Nile. Located in the heart of Alexandria, near the Palace, the Museum and library, through the Tomb-Temple of, the House of God Alexandrou, object of worship and worship, secured for seven centuries happiness and prosperity in the city which he had built… At the end of the 4th century. a.d. Christians destroyed the Sarapeio. Then lost all traces of "body". It is not excluded in the fire that burned the Tomb-Temple of Alexander lighters have been ancient books of the neighboring library…
The conspiracy stories with kidnappings and dissimulations of the body is perhaps appropriate for scenarios producer choligoyntianwn, However, completely ignore the logic and essence of ancient Ptolemies. The funeral of a deceased member of the ancient family is for each a public act that aims to consolidate the status quo emotive. This applies of course eminently for the funeral of the ruler, If through the proffered in this funeral prices passes the legitimacy of his successor… Should, well, to reconcile with the idea that the temple-tomb of Stretched is buried under layers centuries of life in Alexandria and if I ever found and identified his remains, may not meet at all in our dreams.
However, beyond self-interests, considerations and policies, Apart from the use and misuse of information, Apart from the groups concerned and any interests, There are hundreds and thousands of people watching anxiously the excavation communiqués of Amphipolis, expecting omologimena or is He so much unspeakable… To open the tomb and found Alexandre… as to the "body" through the Memorial to beat once again transformed the cursed multiple ills affecting our daily lives.
Etsi, Alexander invades again in our lives… Of Course, the truth is I had never left… Hundreds of millions of references to Internet search engines, thousands of books, hundreds of documentaries, movies, artworks and exhibitions around the world testify that "Invincible" still fascinates and excites, providing an absolute standard. Or, more mundane, that the "Alexander" is a "name brand" high dynamic that can serve various purposes…
In the 1990s, between two large temporary exhibitions for the Macedonians and the Megalexandro (Rome 1995, New Delhi 1997) I was asked to prepare a proposal for a major international exhibition on Alexander that never happened, but the huge job did not go wasted because, picking up the scattered in dozens of museums material, I realized that in fact no conventional report objects in a museum can never be the ' fit '. From Macedonia in Egypt, in Babylon and in India, from the fringes of China to Byzantium and Rome, from the Arabs in the Renaissance and the Enlightenment, from the unified Germany of Bismarck in early Greece of Great Idea, from the novel in the Koran and in the Newspaper, from the Lysippeioys statues in Persian miniatures, from the baroque to romanticism and modern art, Alexander hovers in the vast of space and time…
Etsi, the 2000 He was born the idea of a digital museum dedicated to the living memory of Stretched. The idea has matured and after ten years of efforts, the 2011, joined the program of digital convergence and the NSRF ' work became Virtual Museum Alexander: from the Universe "in which Aigai implements the Xvii Ephorate of prehistoric and classical Antiquities. A large international scientific
Conference entitled "Discovering the World of Alexander the Great", in which were presented by leading researchers in the results of the most important excavations and research programs, 3.500 original texts and pages 12.000 listings in the database is so far working group harvest, While starts in collaboration with the contractor, with underwater, photographs, digital representations, etc., the production of "digital objects" of the Museum that will be completed in December of 2015.
S.Our aim in th-landscapes of the Internet to create the place of Alexander, the "place of achwritoy": In a groundbreaking concept, inaccessible dimensions and disjointed in the real world with cohesion axis Alexander interconnected and make obvious relevance, creating a digital world, a "Museum" with the primary meaning of the term, Temple of knowledge, art and remembrance, worthy of the initiator and first citizen of the World, a Museum, annihilating distances, through Internet democracy, it reaches everywhere and make accessible to all the "hidden treasures", Cyber surpassing the often insurmountable difficulties for the natural world access.
The Digital Museum is developed on three levels: In the first, unfolds into an interactive video tour of the Museum's total (with constant picture-action and narrative, includes all digital exhibits in summary, giving the backbone of information in real time about five hours). At the second level, where the visitor goes at will, There are fully developed the 304 Digital exhibits and all video-documentary. At the third level, are libraries, directories of images and real objects, photos, designs, topics, texts, sources, Bibliography, any kind of information, accredited users pages, where they can show results of a survey, excavations, articles, announcements, etc., various links, discussion fora, online games and educational activities.
The aesthetically perfect environment, the eloquence of storytelling, the power of images, the charm of monuments and representations, combined with the numerous services which will ensure layered information and entertainment, will make the Digital Museum ideal shelter for the Internet traveler who seeks the journey through time, Knowledge Adventure, contact with the heroes that sealed the fate of the world. At The Same Time, embedding and juxtaposition of huge archaeological and historical material, of sources, findings and new scientific research data guarantee the validity of information and will help make the Digital Museum a crucial pillar for the approach from both the general public as well as by specialists.
The content articulates in seven sections-"halls": the first section is "the roots", where is the passage of Macedonia from the myth in history based on the particularly impressive and unknown to the public finds of recent years from Aigai, the Aiane, the mansion, etc.. Second «Macedonia of Philip II», describing the mutation of archaic Kingdom to radical change lever of the ancient world under the inspired guidance of King brilliant. The third section, «Alexander Philip», It is dedicated to education and the elements that shaped the personality of the young heir. The fourth describes "Eastern" Campaign which starts from Aigai the 334 e.g.. and ends Babylon the 323 e.g.. In the fifth section, titled "the first citizen of the World", develop the ideology and policies of the Stretched, While in the sixth, that is the largest and most impressive of all, described as "the new world: The Hellenistic common». The last section is called "Immortal" and is dedicated to the legend of Alexander that reaches our days.
As Commander in Chief and representative of all the Greek Alexander campaigns against the Persians, giving a new dimension to the old confrontation between the West and the East. Ultimately, though, through his political act like Kosmokratoras remove the contrast and prepares the road that will lead to more creative composition civilizations the world has ever known with the creation of the Hellenistic world, the most open and tolerant multi-ethnic and multicultural society in human history.
Invincible Warrior and inspired visionary, Alexander accepts the "others" to such an extent that their own scandalizes. Sacrificing to the gods, respecting traditions and honoring their traditions, conquer the heart of nationals and becomes a hero in the myths of the peoples of the world. The fruitful synthesis of opposites, Kosmokratora's dream that inspired weddings of Soyswn and sealed the cosmic theory of enlightened Hellenistic hegemony, Today more relevant than ever, make the INSPIRER of the Baptist and father of globalization in a more polite version of.
Thanks to Alexander, the Greek civilization reaches as far East and transformed into Hellenistic, the Hellenistic common becomes a common reference of peoples from Europe as Egypt and India. A new cosmic theory is born with the axis of reference rather than individual Nations, but the Earth. The inexhaustible stock of Hellenistic culture, scattered across three continents, starting dialogue becomes, source of ideas and ideologies, matrix new world that spawns Empires, stamp art, building science and forms the modern cosmic theory.
Trade and intercultural exchange centers, the Hellenistic cities define the network of roads of culture and Alexander himself, the only invincible, Horned God, haunt Persian miniatures, fights with elementals and monsters to take in the cathedrals of Europe doxi and xanafanei undaunted in his Anti Warhol photographic palimpsista and the epic clashes of Oliver Stone, always maintaining the incomparable charm that transcends the boundaries of space and time.
The Virtual Museum will arrives on computers and in homes of all Internet users, in Greek and English. Physical Office is the Museum of goats, the only place where among the bones of the father and his son – outset in building powerful evidence, the identifications establishing themselves more and more with the passage of time and the evolution of research – found intact objects that Alexander saw and touched and, mainly, the two unique images – the horseman of the mural and the ivory head – He saw and rescued, Testimonials valuable form of! l
**Published in BHmagazino on Sunday 28 September 2014

Amphipolis.gr | The precious remains of Akrotiri, an ancient city obliterated in the great eruption of Thera

Featured image: Elaborate and colorful fresco revealed at Akrotiri.

The destruction of Pompeii by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in A.D. 79 has been preserved in ancient times by an eye witness account, namely that of Pliny the Younger. The literary evidence and amazing finds from the site has made Pompeii one of the most well-known archaeological sites in the world. It should be noted that Pompeii (and Herculaneum) are not entirely unique, as at least one other site it the ancient world has been destroyed by a volcanic eruption. The settlement of Akrotiri is one such site. Unlike Pompeii, however, no literary evidence for the destruction of Akrotiri is available to us. As a matter of fact, the city was only discovered by an archaeological excavation conducted in 1967.

The archaeological site of Akrotiri.

The archaeological site of Akrotiri. Source: Bigstockphoto

Akrotiri was a Bronze Age settlement located on the south west of the island of Santorini (Thera) in the Greek Cyclades. This settlement is believed to be associated with the Minoan civilization, located on the nearby island of Crete, due to the discovery of the inscriptions in Linear A script, as well as similarities in artifacts and fresco styles. The earliest evidence for human habitation of Akrotiri can be traced back as early as the 5th millennium B.C., when it was a small fishing and farming village. By the end of the 3rd millennia, this community developed and expanded significantly. One factor for Akrotiri's growth may be the trade relations it established with other cultures in the Aegean, as evidenced in fragments of foreign pottery at the site. Akrotiri's strategic position between Cyprus and Minoan Crete also meant that it was situated on the copper trade route, thus allowing them to become an important center for processing copper, as proven by the discovery of molds and crucibles there.

Remarkably preserved artifacts are revealed from the ruins of ancient Akrotiri, Greece.

Remarkably preserved artifacts are revealed from the ruins of ancient Akrotiri, Greece. Source: Bigstockphoto

Akrotiri's prosperity continued for about another 500 years. Paved streets, an extensive drainage system, the production of high quality pottery, and further craft specialization all point to the level of sophistication achieved by the settlement. This all came to an end, however, by the middle of the 2nd century B.C. with the volcanic eruption of Thera. Although the powerful eruption destroyed Akrotiri, it also managed to preserve the city, very much like that done by Vesuvius to Pompeii.

The volcanic ash has preserved much of Akrotiri's frescoes, which can be found in the interior walls of almost all the houses that have been excavated in Akrotiri. This may be an indication that it was not only the elites who had these works of art. The frescoes contain a wide range of subjects, including religious processions, flowers, everyday life in Akrotiri, and exotic animals. In addition, the volcanic dust also preserved negatives of disintegrated wooden objects, such as offering tables, beds, and chairs. This allowed archaeologists to produce plaster casts of these objects by pouring liquid Plaster of Paris into the hollows left behind by the objects. One striking difference between Akrotiri and Pompeii is that there were no uninterred bodies from in the former. In other words, the inhabitants of Akrotiri were perhaps more fortunate than those of Pompeii, and were evacuated before the volcanic dust reached the site.

Plaster castings of the corpses of a group of human victims of the 79 AD eruption of the Vesuvius, found in the so-called "Garden of the fugitives" in Pompeii.

Plaster castings of the corpses of a group of human victims of the 79 AD eruption of the Vesuvius, found in the so-called "Garden of the fugitives" in Pompeii. No such remains exist at Akrotiri, indicating the people had time to evacuate. Wikimedia, CC

' Spring flowers and swallows ' detailed in a delicate Akrotiri fresco.

' Spring flowers and swallows ' detailed in a delicate Akrotiri fresco. Public Domain

The eruption of Thera also had an impact on other civilizations. The nearby Minoan civilization, for instance, faced a crisis due to the volcanic eruption. This is debatable, however, as some have speculated that the crisis was caused by natural disasters occurring prior to the eruption of Thera. The short term climate change caused by the volcanic eruption is also believed to have disrupted the ancient Egyptian civilization. The lack of Egyptian records regarding the eruption may be attributed to the general disorder in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period. Nevertheless, the available records speak of heavy rainstorms occurring in the land, which is an unusual phenomenon. These storms may also be interpreted metaphorically as representing the elements of chaos that needed to be subdued by the Pharaoh. Some researchers have even claimed that the effects of the volcanic eruption were felt as far away as China. This is based on records detailing the collapse of the Xia Dynasty at the end of the 17th century B.C., and the accompanying meteorological phenomena. Finally, the Greek myth of the Titanomachy in Hesiod's Theogony may have been inspired by this volcanic eruption, whilst it has also been speculated that Akrotiri was the basis of Plato's myth of Atlantis. Thus, Akrotiri and the eruption of Thera serve to show that even in ancient times, a catastrophe in one part of the world can have repercussions on a global scale, something that we are more used to in the better connected world of today.

Featured image: Elaborate and colorful fresco revealed at Akrotiri. Public Domain

References

Cartwright, M., 2012. Thera. [Online] Available at: http://www.ancient.eu/thera/

de Traci, Are., 2014. Akrotiri, Santorini's Mystery. [Online] Available at: http://gogreece.about.com/library/weekly/aa08119b.htm

www.perseus.tufts.edu, 2014. Akrotiri, Thera (Site). [Online] Available at: http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/artifact?name=Akrotiri,+Thera&object=site

www.sacred-destinations.com, 2014. Ancient Akrotiri, Santorini. [Online] Available at: http://www.sacred-destinations.com/greece/santorini-akrotiri

www.santorini.com, 2014. Archaeology / Akrotiri Digs. [Online] Available at: https://www.santorini.com/archaeology/akrotiri.htm

By Ḏḥwty

http://www.ancient-origins.net

Amphipolis.gr | The erotic divination in ancient Greece

«Μ' αγαπάει - δεν μ' αγαπάει;»: Ερωτική μαντεία στην Αρχαία Ελλάδα
In the story of love and "since time immemorial" toys, undertakes to introduce visitors to the Archaeological Museum of Pella. Love and Maya ...
Instead of fleecing daisies, the ancient Greeks-that they too erwteyontan- they had their own mantika games of love.
And had God the praise. The same love as God, small, chubby, winged, sleeper, usually solitary, sometimes fitted with soul and sometimes only with his arrows.
And had them-young and old- the games themselves, through which invoked the
help- in the "love" of their daily lives for divination, before being sacrificed on the altar of ...
(E), beyond, things sobareyan. Though the little winged God take longer quiver with arrows and was leaving, leaving aniatoys, the victim resorted and in. .. the chthonioys demons in order to "tie up" the match of ...
"Games of love"
In the story of love and "since time immemorial" toys of, undertakes to initiate children and adults ... "on substantive jurisdiction» (due and the abundance of relevant findings) Archaeological Museum of Pella, on the occasion of the forthcoming day of lovers.
The authority is today and will be repeated daily until the end of the month, with their ... small and the "Games of love" (educational program for students Iv, V and Vi Grade, and 1st Gymnasium).
Platagwnia, yiges, and battalions for small ... Kottaboi and katadesmoi for big ...
«Μ' αγαπάει - δεν μ' αγαπάει;»: Ερωτική μαντεία στην Αρχαία Ελλάδα
Red poppies and the intensity of love diaisthiseos
And if today we say ... "plucking the Daisy", with the repetitive question "m" loves – den m ' loves ', until we finish the petals ..., the ancients tell platagwnio (seen as ' rattle ', but the sensuous "divination" and used it as indicative of the intensity of passion ...).
Here, used the petals of a poppy (Red), the player forms a circle with your thumb and index finger of the left hand and places a poppy petal. Click with the right hand circle and from the volume produced "sounds" and the erotic tension ...
The iynx (or iyga)- disk metal or bronze with two holes in the Center, from which passes thread. The Player keeps loose thread, the stretches and relaxes short, up the drive to start spinning and produce sound. Volume H is corresponding with the ... asking intensity of love she feels the or ... the pothoymeni.
Children play with love
"Children will have the opportunity to learn about the games they were playing the in love to spend their free time or to predict whether persons who had thought were in love· from the innocent platagwnio of children, the iygga or the diamond, the ankles and the Mora (epallaxis fingers), until the kottabo of adults, some of which were played until recently and is a good opportunity to xanapaixoyme», says the archaeologist of the Archaeological Museum of Pella Nikos Pappas, who took over and guided tour of children in ... hard world of lovers.
"We prepared, Indeed, for the xenagoymenoys and modern wooden yiges to play and second-guessing their own erotic " says Mr. Pappas.
Mighty as love death

As for the big; Here things are more ... hard, as ... "mighty as love death". Is the title of a unique Museum event –, aimed at adults, will be held on Saturday afternoon 14 February and the tour will be in all the exhibits.
At the event for adults, the unique maybe game is "kottabos" (game of skill playing the ancient Greeks in night symposia with much wine ...).
Pella: One of the more "erotic" museums
As one of the most ... «sex» museums, like that of Pella (hosts at displays of the worldwide best-known statuettes of love, clusters of Cupid and psyche, the goddess Aphrodite, but numerous vessels – even castings vessels of 3rd and 4th century BC by the ancient Pella, with engraved inscriptions – protreptikes erotic acts) It's probably ideal to accommodate the timeless celebration of love.
"Venus aposandalizoysa" – statuette found in tomb of Pella in the 4th century b.c., romances, series of exhibits with the ... briefing note "the vases depict shapes coitus with protreptikes inscriptions operations» are just some of the exhibits.
"The gar much begets erotos str. insanity ..."
The first martyrimeno ' Macedonian ' text (in language Doric – Greek) is the curse nine lyrics found incised in leaden plate (katadesmo), wrapped in right hand dead at uncovering (the 1986) Tomb of the 4th century BC from the market area in ancient Pella.
Find, exposed today to the new Archaeological Museum of Pella, writes: (in translation):
"Thetimas and Dionysofwnta the official marriage tie with Maya written and all other women marriage as many are widows or virgins, but especially of Thetimas. And drop the spell in Makrwna and the demons. And if ever I unearth him and xetylixw and read these words, then to marry the Dionysofwn and not before. Because I don't want to get another woman from me, but I loved along with Dionysofwnta and no other. I beg you demons regret the Kiss because I'm helpless and have left all your friends. Keep the letter for my not happen and to lost the Thetima, but I'd be happy»…
Away from demons but "Mighty as love and death" is the theme of the event on Saturday, organized by the Museum for the adult guests (the event draws its title from the ' song of songs ' Solomon).
Visitors will have the opportunity, through the picture, the narrative and poetic discourse, reciting and acting, to travel into the past, that taught us the omnipotence of love
Narrated Nikos Pappas (Archaeologist)· Recitation: Anastasios Papanastasiou (Actress). Intermediate vacuums I heard lyrics and music celebrated authors.
Source: The TOC, with information from Ana – MPA
SOURCE = http://maiandros.blog-spot.gr/2015/02/11/m-agapai-den-m-agapai-erotiki-mantia-stin-archea-ellada/#comment-4980

IRAQ:The DIALOGUE BETWEEN MUSLIMS and the KATESTREPsE STATE ELLINISTIKA MONUMENTS of the CITY of Hatra 3rd century b.c.

Jihadists destroy Hatra historic town in Iraq
Hatra, Irak, in 2002

To Islamiko State continued Saturday the destruction of world cultural heritage in Iraq. This time attacked the Iraqi city Hatra in the North of the country reported an Iraqi Professor of archaeology.

The Hamed al-Jabouri Director of Archaeology of the University of Mosul epibeaiwse that sympathizers of Islamic State destroyed the ancient ruins and the ruins in antikeimenatsi city. "This is a new crime committed by Daech against the cultural heritage of Iraq," he added. "It is an irreparable loss." Any official reaction to these new desecrated perpetrated by the ISIS was not.

The Hatra included on the world cultural heritage of Unesco and is 110 km WNW of the city Mosul founded the 3the century BC and is famous for the temples of.

According to Iraq officials and residents the terrorists made 2 explosions in space and then with bulldozer continued destruction. The Iraqi Minister toyrismoykai antiquities on Facebook, confirmed the attack: "the slow support of the international community in Iraq by terrorists to commit another crime in antiquities destroying and stealing in Hatra." presstv

These new disasters occur 2 just days after the destruction of archaeological sites and monuments at Nimroud doze. Ancient Assyrian city has history 3 millennia. The Unesco had described this action as "a war crime". The last month showed video images where members of the Islamic State destroy sculptures assyriakoy culture dating here and 2.600 years at the Museum of Mosul and Hellenistic treasures.This file photo shows part of the remains of Hatra, an ancient city 110 kilometers southwest of Mosul in Iraq.

The Islamic State undertake a strict interpretation of Islam under which the remains and representations are interpreted as idolatry and must be destroyed. The cult of Islam is mainly the schematic. (Le Vif 07/03/15)

O Saeed Mumuzini, a spokesman for the Kurdish Democratic Party in the province of Nineveh, said that Isis stole ancient gold and silver coins that were used on the Assyrian Kings and were kept in Hatra.

The Hatra with bimillenary history from the time of the Seleucid Kingdom that controlled a large part of the Empire of m. Alexandrou. Is famous for its elaborate and towering columns of the Temple of .(theguardian)

dimpenews.com

Amphipolis.gr | A MYISI IN KABEIRIA MYSTERIES

can succeed with the feeling. Knowing is not worth in the eyes of Plato if not this whole sick soul. Worth then more than a science, becomes a fragrance of life.

It is in this case a senior man in the man, that personality is nothing else than a sickly copy. In this same man is born a being who transcends· the original and wonderful person. Just due to this, that in Plato's philosophy integrates the secret of the mysteries. The Church father and author Hippolytus gives us the following passage:

"Behold the great secret of the priests of Samothrace (who are the keepers of a worship, certain, of Kaviria Mysteries), secret epitetrammeno not to reveal but who know the insiders '.

Let us therefore we travel a bit, passing from the Mystiriakoys temples of Samothrace. Let's try to become observers and companions of candidates and initiates in their sanctuary project, and let's take our share of this divine involvement in the perpetration of Kaviria Mysteries.

It is night and we are seated, silent in a beach of kataskoteini Palaiapolis. Nine days and nine nights no fire is not turn on on the island. Everyone was waiting for the sacred flame that will come by ship from Delos. The forces of Kabeiriarchis invoke the Cabeiri, the forces of internal fire, and the people rattling with repeats. Away, deep in the pelagoy, a small light ever grows, approaching to the coast. The sacred flame sends the reflection in the calm sea. The boat gently ashore to the port and the ierofantis picks up the torch with light and enters the head of the procession formed to the sanctuaries of the Church. From this the torch will switch on the light of the altar in the temple, but all the fireplaces of houses. The procession progresses slowly and with ritualistic grace. In front of the Kabeiriarchis holding the torch, following priests back, a little further back the candidate for initiation and finally the number of inhabitants of the island. As they approach, the imposing form of the temple displays in the light of the full moon.

The procession stops first in front of a fountain. It's time for physical cleansing. After the lead in front of a round pit covered with a wooden lid. The hearing opened mobile ierofantis and in depth appears the Sacred Stone. In the hands of the candidate now place a mug with holy water and that making libations over to him cited the help of great gods in difficult test that starts. He will begin preparing for the first degree of initiation that lead him into a small room in the South of the Palace · the "sacred House". Here the first black wear distinctive livery indicating the darkness of ignorance that is the myoymenos. Then give it to keep the sacred lamp with etched onto the magical original letter of the word God and the sea, the "I", that means other notations symbolizes the horizontal diameter of the circle as the first manifestation of the divine.

From here the myoymenos having lit the lamp only from one edge driven silently and rhythmically in the Palace by the special door of candidates. Entering from another entry already, inside the great Hall are senior and old Mystics· anaktotelestes that seated round – round at stalls will attend the ceremony. There in front of the main entrance is located the wooden podium where rituals going up and the candidate sits. In just starting round of ritualistic dances that are able to drive out evil spirits. The dances are circular and made with the sounds of music and songs mystiriakwn. A sweet giddiness overwhelms him and released by bad influences are ready for the next test.

So from an uphill path lead him to North Hall where he would uncover the secrets to interpret symbols and will become the ritual representations. Here the initiator takes the Cadet in the transcendental world of spirits and Gods. Of explaining that the soul of the spirit that was seconded by the gods, entangled in matter and apoplanithike. To rediscover the road and to reassert its position it takes great effort. He sees in front of him like a purification process to unfold the known sacred drama of Rapture of Axiokersas – Persephone by Hades – Axiokerso and her quest by her mother Demeter. Learns to understand the deep meaning of symbols of father heaven and mother earth and Ithyfallikwn representations of mercury – Kadmiloy.

Then returns from the Hall of the Palace in the "sacred House". Here the wear the white robe of the initiate's and deliver a document that proves the entry in list of initiates which will also draw on the building's columns. Now you can turn on the lamp and on the other side, and then you can become a contender in the second degree initiation, the "supervision" and after this will ignite and from the Center, so three vertical flames to form an ' e ' on the level of the oil lamp symbolizing the three basic evolutionary categories of people. The ceremony was celebrated in the building called "sacred" in the South of the sanctuary area, in front of the lit torches pelwrioi.

The priests take positions outside the courtroom and leading candidate in front of the stairs of the temple where it burns a great brand. Bumped into one of them. At another erect and stately stands the Kois (*) strictly asks him to confess his sins, to get rid of their weight so that he may hear the word of God. The Cadet with stable and low voice reveals the major sins and asks him the brokerage for their elimination.

After forgiveness and cleansing from the priest drive in front of the worthy mystagwgo. It's time to seal the rest of his life myoymenoy. The ierofantis leads him to pass the first test, the ordeal of fire. An oblong corridor unfolds in front of. Right and left along the, they are flaming columns and he passes only between until you reach the other edge. The fire is always a symbol of purification and symbol of a new beginning for new life. Now having crossed the fiery passage, is ready to accept the purification of water. Takes place a ritual purification bath. Water is another item that has passed into everyday consciousness of humanity as an interior purgatory of body and soul.

Now he is ready to face the great tribulation. The ride on the back of the building to see with his own eyes and to experience a sacred and mystical revelation, as shown by the very word ' Supervision ' i.e. superior vision. During this drama the myoymenos sympathizes with divinity, identified with her and has experience of action of. By this time the candidate is Kadmilos, the man who is killed by his brothers and moved to the underworld. So driven in the Cave Sanctuary of the temple, where should stay isolated. Will help to turn back the same his brothers after days and with the help of mercury will bring back to life. But it is no longer the same. Is the born-again Kadmilos who knows himself and returns victorious to the upper World. At this point the initiator ushered in the arch and ascends on the sacred rock. Reveals and teaches the new Supervisor secret formulas and new symbols of the degree of. Performs rituals and invisible at the same time offering libations to the gods of the underworld.

After the priests been ported the supervisor under the arch and the pulpit where covered with a wooden shelter is the ceremonial crypt. It descends gradually inside while listening to the clatter of the sacred animal. In the little spilled blood bathes the entire and realizes that a real baptism of blood and fire specifies the new beginnings. From there carry him triumphantly to the Holy throne located in front of the Mystic fire Temple. The crowning with an olive branch and wearing a purple belt. These are the symbols of initiation of. Has become aware of the mysteries of life and death. A new life is illuminated in front of the, as the sacred flame illuminates the whole island.

Ximerwne the ninth day and the people waited anxiously for the resurrection of Kadmiloy aggelma. When the high priest came out with the lit candle that kept, all the people with AWE gonypetoyse to hear from the lips of the return of aggelma near the foneymenoy a few days ago the adept. "it is our life again, light and wisdom "announced the high priest. Then everyone with relief screamed: "you have our hopes. You are our ALAThITOS GUIDE for MAS. I adore eternal ". Was the time of Sunrise Spring Sun and the reported crowds, waited to unite the four lights. First the four prelates, the perennial Cabeiri. Following the four lights (Sun, lamps, souls and each SUBSTANCE). The four secular authorities who run out universes. Together the four unite ARETES and were part of the mystery of ThEIAS SOCIETY. Finally the Sun projected on the horizon. Young initiates with the red tapes in osfya accompanied by the four hierarchs who had the red tape over their heads and were hanging back on the edges of their cervix. The last word was:

' AIWNIO SPIRIT IN LATREYOYME»

Let's look at the basic procedures myitikes.

Withdrawal period and she is holding nine days and nights. The 9 is the number that corresponds to the Moon and which in turn and which in turn is related to the inferior nature of man. At the end of this period, have achieved a minimum alignment between the lower and the higher sides. Then comes the sacred vessel with the flame from Delos, i.e. the place of the Sun. Is the time that can descend Uncle Spark of spirit, then you can contact man with the superior facets of himself. The light comes to scatter the darkness of the night, meaning of inferior nature and the people of the island make a fresh start by welcoming. In the ceremony of initiation, the candidate must try hard, Why would be unveiled deep mysteries. The Ierofantis, He could describe internal human Wizard, guide him to pass the tests Cathar¬TIC. The first is the crossing of igneous passage, i.e. the catharsis through the element of fire.

From the highest spiritual levels up more materials, the fire was considered historically purgatory element. The fire is a symbol of purification and symbol of a new beginning for new life. Used by most, If not all, mystical cults of the world. The ancients Pelasgians used to jump over lit bonfires and yell "leave behind the sins". It evokes and the current celebrations of St John. The myth of the goddess Demeter says that when he was a guest of the King of Eleusis, the season was looking the Persephone, He wanted to make immortal King's child passing his body over fire. Apollodorus also says that was common to the parents kids pass them over fires to purge. This purifying face was distorted by the fire of inquisitors of the middle ages who used as a primary means of extermination of the "magicians" and "witches", because they believed that this was the soul of the sins.

India is well established in the burning of the dead body to be released fast indoor existence. So did several tribes erythrodermwn of America, to go the souls of their dead in the meadows of heaven. But in esoteric teaching is considered the most accurate method for the liberation of individuality, as the teacher Thibetanos in one of the books of Alice Mpeili. After the ordeal of fire, the candidate sanitised with the element of water, following a special ceremonial procedure. Water is another item that has passed into everyday consciousness of humanity as an interior purgatory. Beyond the internal purification of the body that offers, purifies and the inner man, Why is a component that absorbs influences easily. Almost all Greek cults were introduced the purification with water, and at times of the mysteries they filled the rivers of loyal, something done even today in Holy Indian River, the Ganges. Let's not forget that one of the main Christian mysteries, the baptism, It is essentially the katharmos of man from original sin.

After the second purification, the myoymenos, who now embodies the role of Kadmiloy, killed by his brothers and moved to the underworld, symbolically in his Cave Temple. Here we have the symbolic death of personality, reminiscent of the murder of Osiris from his brother Set. It is an allegorical expression of human travel in the Treasury of Domestic Existence. In the world that are buried all the old memories and experiences. All ulterior emotions and hidden desires of lost ideals. There the initiation comes into contact with this whole world, with the world that psychologically we would say that it is the subconscious of. According to legend, in Underworld rediscovers his brothers, which in fact help him to be freed from death and back to life like a risen one hero.

What lies behind the existence of the brothers; What do the deeds; From one kill Kadmilo, While on the other hand help him to resurrect. These close relatives who kill and accusing yet, in fact some aspects of the self are the same of the initiation. In conscious life, the person has failed to balance the sides of them and harmonize mid. So, the imbalance becomes cause of death of personality. Entering, though, in the world of the subconscious, the accumulated knowledge acquires brings in a balanced relationship with oneself. He knows himself. And from that moment it becomes Lord of all sides and return to the upper World winner. Gets the location of the well in place of initiates and revealed the symbols of initiation: the olive branch and the purple zone.

The olive tree is from the sacred trees of the goddess Athena and symbolizes the healthy mind and uplifting at high syneidisiakes situations that touch the divine existence. The coronation with olive branch, indicates that the person has a wisdom, logic, Temperance and desire for higher States of consciousness. The purple zone indicates that despite the initiate's search for superior existence situations, It never ceases to be himself in the world of matter and must create what,What better can in this. Additionally, the purple zone, the flame symbolizes the desire of the individual for service and suitable to his fellows. When the man returned versed anymore on the upper World, the entire island has been illuminated by the light of the flame of Delos. Returns, i.e., in the world of consciousness that has illuminated now by the spiritual light and offered a regenerated life knowledge and wisdom.

So we are able to render internally the central standard of Kaviria mysteries. From another internal perspective, the mysteries that are associated with the elemental forces of Earth and fire in a harmonious operation. Show the drudgery to be paid to achieve results whether material or spiritual. Therefore we can say that there were three degrees of initiation to the Cabeiri. The first corresponds to the murder of Kadmiloy from his brothers. This is the death of personality due to the imbalance of. The second corresponds to the passage to the underworld, where is the dead Kadmilos and there discovers the lost faces of, the forgotten self. The third and last is the release of, the resurrection and salvation. Is the level of self-discovery, where the hero, knowing oneself, return to the material world to begin a new creative life.

Ioannis Papanikolaou
(*) The Grand Inquisitor.

(Sources: The Cabeiri Mysteries, Periklis Rodakis – OSamothraki, KarlLehmann – historical overview of Samothraki island, Achil. Samothrace – The Cabeiri Mysteries, George Siettos – The ancient Greek Mysteries, K. Kourtidis – the mysteries of the Cabeiri, (C). The Realization (Article) – The hidden meaning of the ancient mysteries, Filol. Association "Iamblichus" – Samothraki, History, Archaeology, Efi Kalampokidoy)

Amphipolis.gr | THE COMMISSION AMFIPOLIS TAFOS – THE NOMISMATA TIS ARCHAIAS AMFIPOLIS

artemis

At 7/3/2015, in AUTH was in the context of Archaeological Meeting the presentation of the Mrs. Chrysanthaki for the coins of ancient Amphipolis.

Ms. Chrysanthaki, digital publishing program mentioned in excavation of coins from Ancient Macedonia, with the inclusion of a set of coins from the Ancient City of Amphipolis.

In the context of this cooperation took place maintenance, recording and study 500 coins found during excavations conducted by the archaeological society of Athens under the direction of d. Lazaridis and Taxman Antiquities Kavalas.

The maintenance of the currencies of the program conducted by the art Conservator and Helen Kotoula in archaeological museum of Amphipolis from March to August 2013.

MACEDON, Amphipolis. Master piece of greek art

The announcement of Mrs. Chrysanthaki aimed to enrich our knowledge about the monetary circulation of this important city and to answer questions related to history, the topography and the settlement organisation of Amphipolis by the establishment of the Athenian colony as the end of antiquity.

The coins that were selected to be included in the program come from different sectors of the city anaskafikoys, from the excavation of the d. Lazaridi, coins found in strong outer fortification, and more specifically by the northern wall and especially by the sections of walls of the columns (a), (B) and (c), from the Eastern wall near the gate e and South of this, and from the southern wall of the gate (d).

Also nomismatapoy were found in buildings earlier, modern, and later the northern wall.

Also coins from the Acropolis, from the open-air sanctuary of Cybele's under dolls and a series of Roman tombs found East and West of the Eastern wall South of the internal fortification of the Citadel. And finally from the excavations of the former R Ephorate of coins from the building complexes in the portal area F of the Eastern wall and in a position where it has been suggested the placement of Heros of Brasidas.

KINGS of MACEDON. Philip II--

The coins have been found in areas of the northern wall of Amphipolis whose stratigraphy was often disturbed because of habitation in and out of the North wall are not able at present to confirm or disprove the proposed dating of two initial phases of construction of the northern wall.

In the early phases associated with the Athenian general Agnonas and the long wall mentioned by Thucydides, After the establishment of the Athenian apokias, and the second related to the presence of Brasidas at Amphipolis and the completion of the Northern fortifications of the Spartan General integrating wood deck in the portal (c) between the 424-422 . The coins of the northern wall testify more various interventions and repairs on their posterior wall classical and Hellenistic times and operate buildings such as building 12 that has been built on destruction layers that have epikalypsei the original starting point of the portal and corresponding to the level of the adjacent to the gate a younger Hellenistic gate.

The buildings which have anaskaftei inside a portal such as building 12 belong to the newest phase for dating input which the testimony of the currencies of the building 12 is important. Going for bronze coins Amphipolis 4th century, Philippi, 4th century, Philip b and c Show whose dating to the second half of the 4th century coincides with the date of synepigrafis marble column that found inside the parakeimenoy building 9 -10 which has been built with the same layer of backfill of dwelling 12. This is the well-known home sale contract you still in local currency of Amphipolis and published the Miltiadis Chatzopoulos.

sg1390

Problematic also remains dating earlier than the northern wall of buildings such as. the small shrine of female deity who began working before 437 and was identified from the d. Lazaridi with sacred Nymphs or Thesmoforeio. Looked-but unfortunately we found far coins from the building's destruction layer that contains the important parts with ysteroarchaϊka eidwleia and austere, the local laboratory vessels, and the Red pitcher.

Currencies studied currently by the female sacred come from the backfill of the building, dating to the 4th and early 3rd century. e.g.. and related to your use of the site outside the wall.

The small outdoor shrine should not be operated in the 4th century after seems to no longer work with the erection of the wall.

Overview of the numismatic material that looked far from the excavation of the northern wall of fortifications of Amphipolis cannot help in restoring the first phases of the Athenian istorias sovereignty and does not allow even to understand the relationship of fortified Amphipolis tpografiki era Agnonas and Brasidas to the suburb of sources or even with the 9 the first colony of the streets of Athens which Thucydides puts in place of Amphipolis.

The majority of currencies of East wall, of the poleodwmikwn complexes near the gate (F) which has been identified with the Thrakeies dating Portals in the 2nd half of the 4th century and relates to the period of the 2nd phase of building this part of the city in the years that followed during the occupation of the city by Philip II after the destruction of the heros of Brasidas, and the new design of the urban fabric of the city with the ippodamio system.

The coins from the Acropolis.

And from the area of dolls from the sanctuary of Cybele and Tainted witness the systematic use of space from the late classical and Hellenistic period.

Finally the study 5 brethikanse funerary treasures of Roman tombs found East and West of the Eastern wall as well as within the East wall and Tower date to the end of the 1st and 2nd in a.d century give us valuable information about the residential city organization in the 2nd century a.d.

Until the August years the limits of Amphipolis seem to be those of classical and Hellenistic city phase. The main gate and the entrance of the city was the southern gate d where residents of Amphipolis will stisoyne 2 pedestals for statues of Augustus and Loykioy.

But the search of Roman tombs inside and outside the Eastern wall of the city in the 2nd century a.d, can be seen as a change in the residential fabric of the city with the downsizing of likely inside the Citadel of classical times as early as the 2nd century a.d installing cemetery outside the boundaries of the new and believed the abandonment of Eastern fortification.

The coins that have already been studied, mainly contribute to the restoration of monetary circulation of the city in the late classical and Hellenistic period and especially during the second half of the 4th century. and a half of the 3rd century. e.g..

The earliest coins found in the set of selected sectors are dated in the first half of the 4th century, Midatriki coins, Pausanias and Chalkidiki Alliance.

Monetary testimony filling the inscriptions and archaeological data shows that Amphipolis is a successful example of integration of a major city-State in the Macedonian Kingdom and the gradual transformation of the city in Macedonian with the adoption of the Macedonian institutions, the Royal Mint, and the use of Basil the Macedonian currency after its occupation by Philip b. Unlike the limited presence of the Macedonian Royal coins in the first half of the 4th century and to the present city coin apoysias Partridge (c) despite the installation of a Macedonian guard, the bronze Macedonian Royal cuts will dominate the monetary circulation of the city after the 357 and as the end of the Macedonian Kingdom. The more coins are bronze versions of Philip II and Alexander c contemporary and post-mortem. Follow the coins of Kassandoy, of d. Poliorkitoy and Royal type Macedonian shield cuts and helmet where due to poor preservation of coins do not have currently identified.

The limited presence of currencies of Antigonus Gonatas, of Philip v and Perseus is due to the excavation of areas that currently has studied.

Interesting is the significant presence of copper coins of the city of Philippi assassinated. e.g.. circulating along with versions of the bronze versions of Philip II and Alexander III.

With regard to the mints of Amphipolis lack Premier assassinated. currencies in excavation layers studied does not allows us to answer the question of the opening of the city's monetary production and more specifically of cutting or non-silver obols and imidrachmwn subdivisions in the last 4th of 5th century. as proposed by b. Poulios before the systematic cutting silver versions of the 370 and after.

Of particular interest is the appearance of copper subdivisions of Amphipolis in the layers of the 2nd half of the 4th century. and in the 1st half of the 3rd century. e.g..

From the 3 Bronze subdivisions greater that bring Apollo head in linear square with the national BISEXUAL absent from the set that we study while the bearded head with new medium with linear square with the national BISEXUAL appears sporadically. The small subdivision that bring new bearded head similar to the head of silver obols without linear square with the national BISEXUAL continues to circulate along with the coins of Philip II and Alexander III.

A lack of copper cuts of Amphipolis flying Hercules in emprosthotypo head and Lion in opisthotypo with the national AMFIPOLITWN which topic of dating remains open. The absence of those currently in the layers of the 2nd half of the 4th century the town is really problematic.

The image is formed at present by the numismatic material of Amphipolis agrees with that of ysteroklasikoy and the Greek cemetery where from mid-4th the Macedonian Royal cuts. By the mid 4th century Amphipolis with strong strategic position will become a new Macedonian town that will xanaorganwthei with new urban system, will welcome new population, You'll gain new institutions and with a new currency that will gradually replace the autonomous coinage. The once major Athenian colony will become standard for new cities.

Of Giorgos Papadopoulos

empedotimos.blogspot.gr/2015/03/blog-post_12.html

THE “MALAMATADES” AND THE GOLD COLLECTION IN TERPNI & NIGRITA SERRES