DERAS CHRYSOMALLO. REALITY OR MYTH;

As it known, the discovery of metals and the development of the metallurgy associated with early and Middle Bronze age. The development of techniques for the processing of metals, as was only natural passed into the realm of myth and attributed to the gods and goddesses of metallurgy. With the movement of the first Metalworkers in the Aegean, in order to find new sources of raw material and relevant markets are the late bronze age the two national campaigns, the Argonautic and Trojan, as well as the colonization of Cyprus and of Miletus. The mythological traditions of the expedition of the Argonauts in Colchis looks that have a historical nucleus of the Mycenaean trade expansion with the goal of handling metallurgical products and search for raw materials.

The argonautic expedition had as the dream that had seen the Pelias, the King of iolkos. Phrixus had appeared in his sleep urging him to bring back his soul and the Golden Fleece from Colchis in Iolkos. Pelias commissioned the difficult mission of repatriation of the Golden Fleece in his nephew, Jason. He accepted the challenge and commissioned the construction of the ship Argo of, of Slow. Athena has adjusted the ship's figurehead in a piece by the divination figo of Dodona, which warned with human voice for each hazard. The milestones of the Slow journey to Colchis was the Limnos, Samothraki, the "polychrysos and polychalkos" when Homer Troy, which occupied, and Cyzicus. In the Colchis King Aeëtes made Jason dangerous labors, before you give him the Golden Fleece. If someone was stealing, the King will lose his power and his life, According to an Oracle. His goal was to exterminate the Jason. But he managed to complete the trials with the help of his daughter Aiti, of Medea. So Jason escaped from Colchis stealing the Golden Fleece. The return of the Argonauts was adventurous. After diepleysan the river Istro, today's Danube, and they came out on the Illyrian coast, following the Rhone and the Eridanos, eventually culminated in Syrriniki sea through the country of the Celts. The milestones of the rest of the trip was the Isle Aithalia, opposite the Corsica, the garden of the Hesperides and Crete. Homer after Argonautic Campaign several of the sons of the Argonauts along with other Achaeans heroes, the counts to those who participated in the Trojan Expedition. Most areas related to the journey of the Argonauts as they inform us the ancient sources and archaeological research associated with the gold, the copper and iron and its treatment.

The Argonaytikos myth is full of covert references in metallurgy. The main of them is associated with the property of the Golden Fleece. In the region of Colchis was Yasis River, whose bed swept away gold granules. The oldest method for their apolipsi was the use of skin from sheep and goats pyknomallwn, that was placed in the riverbed. This method evolved later in kennel-Manger. Added a wooden gully lined with skins of certain animals. In both cases the heavy gold, in powder or granules, n. current by water was held by the dense fleece. From the intense glow of gold which had sedimented in the skin of the animal arose the mythical description of the Golden Fleece

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THE MYTH OF CHRYSOMALLOY DERATOS

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The Golden Fleece was the skin of a large golden Aries,that on’ This phrixus and Helle,children of the King of Orchomenus Athamanta survived re’ their stepmother bad,INO,He wanted to destroy them. the RAM passing over States,seas and rivers,brought them at sunrise. but in a narrow sea,Ellie looked down,was stunned,fell and so drowned. Since the close that took its name and is called the Hellespont.
The RAM stopped in Colchis,where reigned King Aeëtes. phrixus to thank him for hosting that is offered,earned him the skin of castrated,that the King Hung in a tree and instructed in a sleepless dragon to watch.
What was the Golden Fleece and what relationship they had phrixus and Aeëtes with this;It was an original and strange story with much drama and emotional ups and downs,that the heroes are two children tormented by their mitrias of aponia.
 


Once the King of Boeotia Athamas married the goddess Nephele re’ had two children,the Elli and Frixo. But later abandoned the faithless wife Nephele and married Ino, daughter of Cadmus,a wayward and wicked woman. their stepmother close to children's life became unbearable. deep aversion to the show daily,basanizontas and oppress them with the most cruel and inhumane way.
The stone heart of sygkinoyntan not ever,nor by entreaty,Neither of those innocent children dakria. their presence believed was standing obstacle to her happiness for family’ It decided to pull out from the waist. Waited well the right opportunity,that didn't take long to come.
I once fell hunger (famine) in Boitwtia. that's because INO ordered secretly put into oven and bake all the cereal seeds that intended to sow that year. result was not sprout their crops. sent envoys Athamas in the Oracle of Delphi to ask what I had to do to avert evil. But INO their envoys dwrodwkise,paraggelnotnas to say that the Oracle instructed to sacrifice her children Nefeli.

The Satanic woman managed,eventually,to convince the Athama that,If the sacrifice,the hurt would stop and the gods will xanafernan in the country of the previous land and happiness taxman. and he,fool and eykolopistos,as it was,fell easily into the net of the pamponiris woman,the believed and accepted to sacrificed children. But Zeus,alert,watched the events in the Palace of father astorgoy,that was a aboylo game in the hands of his wife,While,ADA King who was,I had to have the courage and the will to govern wisely the people of.

The father of gods and men could not see blatant injustices against anymporwn beings,as those innocent children. so immediately Sent the real mother of children,Nephele,with the winged RAM that had pulled chrysomalli. the cruel stepmother was ready to choke kids,their mother grabbed,He put on the sacred RAM of Jupiter,they had human dialect,and spared. Thrown psila crossing the Aegean Sea.
As passed by the sea strait which connects the sea of Marmara to the Aegean,the kids love it,enjoying the beautiful landscapes that they saw from the prison suddenly found themselves in the human world,of torture in xegnoisia that always offers the motherly love and affection and by the injustice of people the jurisdiction of God. the RAM was flying there that this ithele'ixere the way. children left in’ This wonderful journey,without thinking anything,with open all their senses,in order to enjoy the pairing of lush wise flutes,of the blue sea and the Sun olochrysoy,that tremopaize as boytoyse from high in the akymanto mirror of the sea.
It is true that all human oria'echoyn and duration have. So and the joy of the gods didn't last much. because Ellie lost her balance at some point,fell overboard and left her last breath. the Sea some enjoyed it with passion,was the dank grave of. For’ This sea Strait,where fell Elli,He was named Hellespont,i.e. sea of Ellis. phrixus felt deep sorrow for the loss of his unlucky sister.
But who could go against goddesses Degrees that regulate and define all human;The girl's lifetime was predefined,as well as the conditions and the manner of his death will be spared from.’ her hands aponis mitrias,but would arrive at the end of her life in the deep waters of the sea, however.,the mortals people,There could easily be apochwristoyn their loved ones and could not get used to mercilessly blows of fate and phrixus.,in the katabatha of the soul,He felt a lot of frustration,endless loneliness. everything for’ This became meaningless. For a time passed from his mind the idea of letting himself fall and that in the deep waters of the sea,following the voyage to the underworld,in order to meet the beloved,but his sister over.
But the RAM that dawned on his thoughts and sensed his intentions,spoke with human dialect. the divine animal gave courage and courage in Frixo and optimism about life. the gods the arrange all told.”The gods the arrange all”, of said. “We all have a mission on Earth· This mission must fulfil“.So, continuing the journey Frixos, arrived in Colchis, in the distant land of Caucasus, where conquer the son of the Sun Aeëtes, brother of Pasiphaë (Queen of Crete) and the witch Circe. In that country the Aiti's rays awaken again and rest, in the unrelenting pursuit of day and night. The Aeëtes greeted him cordially Frixo and hosted. Later gave him his daughter Chalciope for woman. So say, Why had “Bronze face”. However, the RAM was intended re’ the authority sacrifice. For’ This the Frixos the offered to Jupiter Fyxio, He was patron of the escapees and the Golden Fleece (fleece) the father-in-law of handed in, to the watchmen. THE Aeëtes hung on an oak tree in the Temple of Mars and put on guardian of a dragon, huge snake, that always stayed alert and did not allow anyone to pass. He was able to lap a big ship along with its crew.

Deras Chrysomallo:Myth the’ truth;

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The Golden Fleece was not purely a figment of imagination of the ancient Greeks, but based on historical data! Can, i.e., to Peleus entrusted to Jason to bring the coveted Golden Fleece, a powerful symbol of power, But why such a public animal skin was considered so important;“The answer is easy, If you explored the way the gold yield of chrysofora rivers the bronze age. Especially the river rioni River in the area of Kolchidos (Georgia today) He was known for the quantities of gold nugget that was carrying.

Initially, the commitment of this precious metal was hides, mainly sheep, which the metalleytes dived into the river, where egklwbizontan and the nuggets of gold. Then baked it hides and tinazontan to collect gold or burned to enjoyed gold pellets.

With the passage of time and the evolution of the technical, the hides were placed at fixed wooden kennels in the riverbed” explained Marcus Baxebanopoylos, PhD student of geology at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, in a lecture he gave recently at the natural history Museum of Volos, with theme: “Ancient mines: From Pelion of Jason, Lavrio of Pisistratus”.

As stressed in his speech, remarkable in literary works for the argonautic expedition, but the Trojan war is that the financial centers of the era and the geostrategic points placed towards the Black Sea region. “And not unfairly”, explains, “as the events described are placed in time about the passage from the bronze age to the iron age”.

Recently, in the area of agriculture, the oldest studied areas with mining and metallurgy of iron- about 1400 e.g.. This shows that in the wider Black Sea area we have the passage from the metallurgy of copper, in the metallurgy of iron.

“So, not unfairly”, concludes, “Herodotus placed the breed of Steels, that processed iron, in that area”.

Centuries of knowledge on issues of mining and metallurgy lead firmly to the discovery of deliverability and the casting of iron. Probably, the travelers of that era carrying knowledge in Greece for the new metal. The new season will be marked by the most powerful, stronger impact resistance, Iron weapons.

As speculates, Besides, Mr. Baxebanopoylos, the so-called “Dorian invasion” has a relationship with the descent of knowledge on issues of mining and metallurgy.

“Let's not forget that the main driver of the economy and of individual functions of was the possession of metals and Placer areas” clarifies.

Ancient mines in Pelion

Jason, though, not started from an area, without knowledge of mining and metallurgy. The inhabitants of ancient Iolkos know gold and copper, as metals.

Pelion until recently was not known for the presence of useful minerals. “Yet”, reported by the PhD student, “from the region of Zagora through the village Kalamaki Peninsula have found over 30 metallofores areas with a strong mineral presence of iron, lead and copper”.

Indeed, the village Xourichti, discovered ancient underground mine with a total length of corridors over 100 measures, While the surrounding area, intense is the presence of surface holdings.

“We can therefore assume that the exhaustion of local metalloforiwn, There was the main reason for organizing campaigns in overseas areas. The search for new and rich copper and gold metalloforiwn, probably, was the main cause for dispatches, maybe even of individual conflicts” estimates.

Ancient Lavrio

Point station in Lavrio is history for Mr. Baxebanopoylo, the 546 e.g., When pisistratus returned from his exile.

By Pangeo and Thrace, where he had been banished, brings together experienced metalleytes of the mines of Pageos and the longer Skaptis Material and Lavrion shall be aware of particular acne.

Starts the opening Gallery daidalwdwn, associated with the surface in vertical wells. The 483 e.g.. I discovered a very rich metalloforia that will lead to the economic boom of Athens.

From the revenues of this discovery, Themistocles persuades the Athenians to bear when building 200 metal Triremes, they defeated the Persian fleet at the battle of Salamis.

“So, We understand that even the course of history depends on the evolution of mining activity, After this sets the pillars of the economy and in’ Policy extension” Adds, featuring the Lavrio as “the first industrial revolution before Christ”.

However, in General, big mining centers of antiquity considered Thassos, the opposite of Thassos area of Skaptis Material, the mountain Pangeo, Mount Hook, the Northeast Halkidiki, Sifnos and Milos.

In all these areas there are dozens of ancient underground ore mining galleries, which, though, have not thoroughly studied, resulting in a lack of fundamentals and the destruction of many galleries, concludes Mr Baxebanopoylos.

** The photos come from the archives of k.. Baxebanopoyloy and depict the exploration of ancient mining activity.

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