THE PROELLINES
(GENOMENI IN THE AITHOYSI DIALEXIS TIS ETAIREIAS MAKEDONIKON SPOUDON)
Ein OL’ these things are very old, o the pre-Hellenes known and their culture and their language, but not deprived for’ this out of interest.
In science the old and the new are equivalent and equally.
Because the old is the Foundation of the new, and the new relies on old and identified by this unequivocally and perennially.
That is why I am not, speaking of the pre-Hellenes known in front of cultured public, to say things alien to his interest.
The Caucasians, that part is the Greek race, It was as the 5th Millennium b.c.. X. one of the many linguistic tribes inhabiting in Europe.
But this race seems to have been endowed with a possessive and assimilate capacity, that the results could be spectacular qualifier.
When after the 5th Millennium b.c.. X. began to break and their individual Indoeyrwpaikoys schimatizi folks, i.e.. the Greeks, Indoiranoys, Thrakoillyrioys, Italokeltes, Teutons, Baltoslaboys k. a., and it spreads to all geographic directions, the other language tribes of Europe and Asia found in steps of, other late and other fast, have not been able to avoid subjugation and linguistic assimilation by the indoeyrwpaioys.
Tyrsinoi, Tomba dei Tyrrinoi Leopardi, Tarquinia
So Asia Indian they took the moggolikoys peoples who inhabited the vast country of Indian pentapotamoy.
The Chettites, the peoples of palaioteroys m. Asia. In Europe the Teutonic assimilated peoples of Northern Europe palaioteroys, the Celts of Gaul and the Ligyes the Pritu, i.e.. old British of England,
the Italians the etroyskoys etc..
The Greeks, After the proto-Greek, as the saying, period in the plains of Hungary and Serbia, plithynontas numerical and geographical spread to such an extent that n ° archisi their language differentiated into dialects, appeared around the 20 ° century b.c.. X. in the present northern border of the country that was destined to famous re’ These should Greece and the definitive historical cradle on 4 000 years incessantly, from then until today.
The entrance in Greece was not made at once, but in three waves, with three successive conquests.
First came the Ionians 1 then, around the 17 ° century b.c.. CH., the achaeans, and last, around the 12th century b.c.. CH., the dorians.
The new and final home found the Greeks not uninhabited.
The countries bordering the Mediterranean is, as we all know, archaiotatwn peoples residences and birthplaces of ancient civilizations.
And of course you couldn't otherwise with the symbi country more Center and most favored by the nature and climatic conditions, the Greece.
First dark Mediterranean peoples 2 with skin grilled over millennia by the Sun and the salty kayton of waves, racially and linguistically irrelevant with xanthogalanoys Indoeyrwpaioys, putting arts, maritime trade and piracy in the seas that connect the three old continents, kosmogyrismenoi thalassokratores, It was already established by the Millennium 47p p. X. on the shores and Islands of the Aegean Sea peribrechontai, the Libyan and the Ionian Sea, i.e.. in the West of Mongolia. Asia, in Greece and in Italy.
Were the carriers of culture in archaeology is called the Minoan aigaios. Of culture with the huge and rich Royal palaces, the painted with lilies and garden of leiria and with the yolks of the mountains, with the new psilolignoys and yperkompses ladies.
The angiography with marine plants, animals and shells, that creates more dull shade of bythwn4.
When the centuries went out from the memory of Greeks every remembrance of the descent from the North, o simple Greek people thought anymore that has always been indigenous to this country, and coined the embezzled from them as hellenized now predecessors, locals "big bang" myths, they were natural born and bred in the land of.
The pre-Hellenes known for the people is just the ancient ancestors, and the perception of this place once and finds in poetry that reflects Street beliefs, as λ. x. in Hesiod and Aeschylus's Suppliants, and the simplistic Historiography of Herodotus (1,56), that identifies the Ionians with pelasgous, i.e.. with the pre-Hellenes known 5.
Other Greek writers, and especially historians, It was not re’ those who could escape their attention to such an important event, even though they had passed so many centuries from the time of the first descent. Nor was it possible to avoid the barrel impression that as their season saved here and there between the remnants of alloglwsswn Pregreeks. Already the poet of ' Odyssey telling about Crete :
Has arithmitoys residents and ninety countries.
Kabe people and the language of.
Live at Achaioi, zoϋne Islanders Cretans, pallikarias sparrow hawks, and Kydwnes and Doric, and Pelasgians lebentes 6.
Herodotus says that the Greek nation was originally but then grew thin, because coalesced together of the Pelasgians and many other barbaric fyla7. He saith to the attic that was formerly the pelasgic, that language was barbari8, that then also changed glwssa9 in Greek, the Imbros and Lemnos was inhabited by Pelasgians 10, and that the entire Greece formerly called Pelasgia 11.
Thucydides testifies that on the peninsula of Athos in the years of, Besides the Greeks colonists from the “Andros and chalcis, was and other towns that were inhabited by a mixed population of bilingual barbarians, that was largely pelasgian and descended from the same Tyrsinoys who inhabited those older and Lemnos and Athens 12.
Strabo writes that the oldest of hecataeus of Miletus mentioned that in the Peloponnese before the Greeks inhabited by barbarians, and adds o Strabo that the whole of Greece has long been a dwelling barbarians 13.
The commentator of Apollonius of rhodium (I 608) He says that the older inhabitants of Lemnos was pirates Tyrsinoi, i.e.. Proellines14 thing that agrees with that Homer calls her residents Sintias agriofwnoys 15.
And the other islands of the Aegean old residents Greeks stood out from their own ethnic group.
And the Islanders, written by Thucydides, It was pirates, Kares and Finikes because those inhabiting most nisia16.
And Strabo adds:
"From what has been eipwthi for kares, that they receive the most is that the Carians….was then Leleges and inhabited the Islands» 17.
The ancient Greeks distinguished writers pre-Hellenes known from the real Greek, sometimes with the name Pelasgians 18, and Tyrsinoi the Tyrrinoi, sometimes with the names Carians and Leleges and sometimes with local national names, complex with the epithet eteos (= alithinos, native): Eteokrites, Eteokarpathioi.
But what,What was considered very old in Greece the pelasgic characterised. Ancient walls, the built in ogkolithoys, the thought "pelasgian".
Larissa in Thessaly called Pelasgikon Argos. The very old temples, as of Zeus at Dodona in Epirus and Hera in Thessaly, but in the era of the Pelasgians :
Oh Zeus of Dodona, Pelasgike, that you are resident off us! 19
Additional presumption for the ethnological distinction Greeks and Pregreeks, that was the time when composed the Homeric epics still felt, is that in’ the Pelasgians, those still in extreme places swzontan then anafomoiwtoi, presented as allies of the Trojans, together with other non-Greek peoples of course m. Asia and Thrace.
These I mentioned merely to Fani :
1) How the Greek authors were assured for’ what science today with its own archaeological and linguistic evidence testified, that i.e.. before’ those resided in Greece another, stranger to them, and alloglwssi clan, and
2) That the ethnological and linguistic absorption of Pregreeks by the Greeks took much to symplirwthi in all regions of the country, After the time of Herodotus and Thucydides, i.e.. as the 5 ° w. X. century, There were remnants of Pregreeks which had not yet afomoiwthi, even though they had spent fifteen centuries since the time of the first descent of the Greeks.
The culture that brought the first Greek breed in Greece was incomparably lower than the culture of Pregreeks.
And as usually happens when a people uncivilized conquest a civilized people, Greeks face the prehellenic culture.
But not lost a culture entirely with the looting and burning of palaces and shrines.
The Department of simantikwtero, the animate material, that was o alive body of cultural goods, not burned, but he stayed with all of spiritual cultivation, triangulated racially, religious, even linguistically with the Conqueror, and from this junction, that in hindsight it seems that stood one of the biologically most favorable associations peoples, took two superb scores :
The first was a new, organic renewed, robust and beautiful breed, endowed with exquisite spiritual gifts, combination of physical vigour and freshness of the conquerors with the aesthetic and spiritual refinement of a people exhausted organic of a long-standing advanced life form.
The second was the beginning of a new culture, that is not starting from scratch, other new power continues, transforms and epoikodomei a ready, finished culture religion, legends, traditions and art, and gives the robust form of, with whatever is presented to us in the full bloom of the first Greek civilization in the buildings and artifacts of the Mycenaean and late Minoan times and in the Homeric epics.
This intersection of the spiritual stands for better ap'dla the Greek pantheon, where the male gods of Greek indoeyrwpaiwn presented zeygarwmenoi with female deities, that almost all are proellinikes.
There are in the history of the Nations many examples of conquerors that are ethnically and linguistically assimilated by the nation that enslaved, especially when, as usually happens, The Conquerors is numerically and culturally inferior by the conquered.
So e.g.. their Norse origin was with Rws(s), that ekslabistikan from the Slaboys vassals of.
The same was with the German Franks (Frangais), When speaking of the Gaul ekgallistikan kyriepsan.
The same was with the Mongolian race and language Prwtoboylgaroys toyrkotatarikis, that ekslabistikan from between the Danube and the Slavs Aimo vassals of.
The same was with the Scandinavian katagwgis Normans, When he conquered the b. Ekgallistikan France, and when England conquered exagglistikan ap'ekei.
The same end was with the Romans occupiers of the Greek East, i.e.. of Byzantium.
So no strange thatan not although the Greeks were digested by the numerically and culturally superior of pre-Hellenes known, and even after I went to Greece together, but when three waves that divided the centuries. And yet this was not.
The first Greek tribe that found among pre-Hellenes known, the Ionians, not assimilated, but they took a large part of the Pregreeks, so that, When after three centuries, downloaded the achaeans, they found a largely Greek-speaking country, and even more, When following other five centuries came the dorians 20.
But eplirwsan otherwise the Ionians groundbreaking glory for localisation of the country:
Not only spent the their possessive Alki from uneven mixing them with their pre-Hellenes known, so when downloaded the achaeans were no longer the Ionians as tribe exoflimenoi conquerors, and for’ This easily another succumbed and repulsed by the achaeans on the East Coast and in the Aegean Islands, but their language was stronger and deeper effect of an ancient”, While the language of the achaeans and Dorians stayed katharwtera Greek.
When the 17 ° century b.c.. X. Greece descended into the second Greek wave, the achaeans, the political leadership of the country immediately passed into their hands.
The Ionians were, the pre-Hellenes known as, civilians merchants, artisans and professionals, limited i.e.. in a totally small projects for heroic age, for’ This and the Homeric epics, where is the glory of Achaeans, the Ionians nor even mentioned as contributors of the Trojan war, If luck should be for’ These reason, featured with antiirwika adjectives.
Not eyknimides, chalkoknimides, chalkochitwnes, ariifiloi, filoptolemoi, megathymoi, as the achaeans, but elkechitwnes, i.e.. people with long dresses, frequenting the fairs, of course as traders and craftsmen, occupations that will give them again later, in historical times, along with economic and colonial superiority,
and the spiritual leadership of the Greeks, but certainly keep them on the sidelines of the epic story.
The effect that were Greeks from the pre-Hellenes known extends to all forms of life and is quantitative incalculable.
And this is why, When merging the two peoples had gone a long way, Greeks were no longer only genuine, nor only two or more races, but the sheer pre-Hellenes known, that no exellinismenoi as to the language, There are ethnologically from genuine, and incorporated into their character Formation keeping, the special way of life, the old legends and traditions, and many elements of their old religion, These built-in piano dla at a Greek life, language and art.
And because they mirror the life of the past is always the language and art, This resort today to know what AP’ those who are for us today the archaio Greeks are genuine Greek and what comes from the pre-Hellenes known.
Archaeology is today able to broadly inform us what elements of the residence, tools and utensils and decorative in ancient Greece is fermena from the North with the descent of the Greeks conquerors, and what are the elements of culture proellinikoy.
My Commission will, as a non-specialist, not to speak for them and to focus on those elements that the Linguistics acknowledges in the ancient Greek language as the pre elements.
Although the Archaeology and Linguistics are cooperating in this field of research, and very often their findings coincide, the Linguistics, as you might need, is that the light illuminates with zaiirotero aspects of ancient life, where the two ethnic groups met.
So I will tell you a few things about the pre elements of ancient Greek language.
How these help to distinguish through the words and the cultural elements that are pre, You'll find yourself.
But before we get to the individual teacher you query, is it able to xechwrisi Science today
What of the ancient Greek language is purely Greek and what prehellenic ;
And with what can research method petychi ;
The answer to this question is Yes, anepifylachta.
And the method of research is as follows :
Today, Thanks to the tremendous work done by linguists around the world in the area of Comparative Linguistics, It is known in General what words every Indo-European language keeps them from the time when the indoeyrwpaioi was
yet a people and which borrowed later from other non-Indoeyrwpaikes languages, on the other hand’ until every nation stood out from the trunk of indoeyrwpaiwn and lived in another geographical environment.
So and especially for the ancient Greek language, linguists have made the separation of the material with the following method.
Any word and any grammar element is found in all other Indo-european languages, or in most or many of these, the previously adistachta and sometimes considers with great degree of probability as genuine Greek, carried in Greece by the Indo-european homeland.
But any word any grammar element has no corresponding to the other sisters languages, This, If mporesi to exigisi as newest creature Greek, go well. “But if you don't mporesi, then seek to 2000 the origins of one of the non-Indoeyrwpaikes languages of peoples with whom the Greeks came in commercial intermixed and general historical contact.
As for the method is negative.
Is not indoeyrwpaϊko, It is so from another language. But the positive verification of what language is that you must complete the presumption and arming with peithanagki and here two things can happen :
“The brethi will be the source of any non-Greek word in one of the neighboring languages that have written delivery earlier in Greek, as are the Semitic languages of Western Asia (Assyrobabylwniaki, The Hebrew) and the chamitikes of North Africa (ancient Egyptian) and then longer problem solved,
the brethi will not be nothing relevant in these languages, and then you need to the following syllogismos should :
Greek is not, Semitic is not, chamitiko is not, It should therefore be the tongue of Pregreeks.
But here too we have on hand only the negative presumption of an ancient origin. The positive, that would be to find the word you are looking at written in the pre-texts, This does not exist, why the proellinikes inscriptions, In addition to minimum, It is written in an unknown alphabet far and, with all the efforts that have been made and are made, We found a way to read.
Us stays well for Greek words proellinikes only the negative presumption, that is not entirely without merit, near this though and a few other auxiliary items that gives us the sense above all, but the Geography and the Story.
Let's look at some :
To be entirely coincidental that the words of the ancient ellinikis, that is not indoeyrwpaikes, express things and concepts that were certainly not known in the cradle of indoeyrwpaiwn, and you need so the Greeks to the met for the first time here in Greece ;
All the plants that do not grow their own further north from Greece, are not in the Greek language onomataindoeyrwpaika.
Consistency requires to accept that they first saw the Greeks here and their pre-Hellenes known asked how are these plants.
The pre-Hellenes known told them the name they had in their own language, and Greeks together with the new thing they got in their language and the new Word.
All fish names, birds and other animals, that is not Indoeyrwpaika, It is those who live just around the Mediterranean and southern Europe.
So it was very natural to not have Greeks, When I came here, words for such fish, birds and other animals, and knowing for the first time here. to learn their names had given the pre-Hellenes known.
Because it would be really strange thought that neither their own Greek name but had to give in such animals, Neither the prehellenic only but see fit to get, but expect to spend centuries, to get to know the ancient Egyptians the Palm trees and ask them how to name these animals.
Ancient Greek words that express objects and concepts somewhat advanced for the era that civilization is not indoeyrwpaikes. A few of these are the aigyptiakes23 foinikikes22, and entered the Greek when the commercial communication began with the Phoenicians and Aigyptioys.
But other than that derived; It is reasonable to accept our here that came from the language of Pregreeks, afoy archaeological findings showing that the culture of the past were much more advanced than the Greek. May is supposedly completely by chance that Greeks, people who always excelled for the overly developed sense of form, but never about the music of feeling, had musicians conditions is not Indoeyrwpaikoi;
The ancient Greeks their karikoys ethaymazan hymns and lydika members, i.e.. music origins. It is therefore extremely strange droi musicians of ancient Greek to be proellinikoi.
The toponyms of ancient Greece, i.e.. the city names, Islands, mountains, rivers etc., It is in the 9/10 inexplicably with the help of Greek vocabulary 24.
No IE. no importance in Greek. Many of these are older, and just what the ancient Greeks the pelasgic characterised. What the logikwtero well than to accept that the toponyms found these Greeks ready in the language of Pregreeks and have not felt the need to change kammian.
The preservation of place names of prokatochoy people from the occupier is phenomenon General on ethnologikes changes of all peoples.
And the Italians (l). x. retained proitalika, the etroyskika places of their country, and the Turks the Greek toponyms of m. Asia, with minor grammatical adjustments in their language:
The City did unto Istanbul, the EIS Amison, Samsun, the in Kos, Istanköy, the Izmir, Izmir, the Adrianoy(polis), Edirne, the ikonion, Konia, the Proϋsa, Bursa, the Sivas, Sivas, the “Ankara, Ankara, the Trapezoϋs, Trabzon, the Kerasoys, Giresun etc.. So always.
What strange well although the ancient Greeks did the same for pre toponyms ;
The pre-Hellenic toponym origin of these becomes physically bebaioteri, When we find the same and comes in pre-Hellenic endoteri m. '' Asia in the era that had not yet egkatastathi there Greeks.
Larisa here, Larisa and ekei.
Pidaaos here, Pidaaos and there.
Parnassus here, Parnassus and ekei.
Pindos here, Pindasos and ekei.
Mykallisos here, Mykalisaos, Mycale and ekei.
Ten olympoi here, others so olympoi and ekei.
The same thing happens, When we meet in Greece and in pre-Hellenic m. ' Asia toponyms inexplicably and etymologikws morphology rather than Greek, in-ACE, -SGP, -nthos, -rna, -Mina, as Parnassus, Knossos here, Alikarnassos, Telmissos ekei, Laria(s.)(a) here, Mylassa, Bargaoaa ekei, Korinthos, Nϋos Tiryns, Zakynϋos here, Layrandos, Lnkandos, Soandos ekei, “Arna, Alasarna, Falasarna here, “Yparna, “Abarnos, Aiarni, Pasarni in m. ' Asia, Rethymna in Crete, Mithymna, Changed to kalymna in Islands of m. ' Asia.
Nor of course is without importance for the origin of such place names that the endings-s(s.)ND-nthos and the encounter and in prosigorikes words proellinikes definitely,
as kyparissos, Narcissus, asaminthos, apsinthos, erebinthos, lebinthos, olynthos, yakinthos.
Mycenaeans, the first Greeks in Italy
Positive presumption for the pre-Hellenic origin English words have when words of ancient Greek, not explained as Indoeyrwpaikes, the encounter and in the language of the proindoeyrwpaikwn inhabitants of the Italian peninsula, i.e.. of etroyskwn, that was language relatives of Proellinwn25.
The Etruscan we have about 7.000 inscriptions and a book, written in a variant of the Greek alphabet, i.e.. material not only quantitative incomparably ploysiwtero from the prehellenic, but easy-to-read, in order to be able to boithisi in our study of Proellinikis26.
So e.g.. for the Rector to find corresponding Greek Etruscan epuruni, for the tyrant, the etroysk. turan, about opyiw -(I am espoused with), the etroysk. puia (= woman), for the ieros (' iaros (Isaros), the etroysk. aiseras, about Tyndaridai (= the sons of Tyndareus), the Castor and Pollux, the Tina etroyskika (= Zeus) and tur (= son), about trytani (= scales), the etroysk. trutnut etc..
Also the testimony of the ancients that the old prehellenic Tetrapolis of Attica but only was Yttinia, i.e.. with the ancient pronunciation Huttenia, He finds wonderful explanation to the fact that the number four in Etruscan was called huth.
This is in short the method, with which linguists, sometimes by chance, sometimes with certainty, divide the ancient Greek words in genuine Greek and proellinikes.
It is the same method, setting and other brothers of Greek language proindoeyrwpaika elements, i.e.. the proindika of the Indian, the Italian proitalika etc..
With the implementation of this method we have longer today resolved an important amount of ancient Greek words with pre-Hellenic origin. The overview is in many respects interesting and’ a wider audience of non-eidikwn, Why
1) It teaches us the historical origin of a significant part of ancient Greek vocabulary,
2) gives us a, faint even, Idea of arthrwtikis and sound format that had the language of Pregreeks,
3) It shows us how many and what the pre-Hellenes known concepts and things there were masters of the Greeks, and
4) He teaches in’ those who feel AWE and disgust at foreign words of modern Greek, that owe him some understanding to the historical fortunes of our language, seeing how much the foreign Word is the fate of kaite history language people, the inevitable outcome of cultural communication and cross-fertilization of cultures on Earth.
I present here a selection of proellinikes words of ancient Greek, reclaimed from various regions of ziois, where they give a general impression for the chapter of our linguistic history:
(A) '. NAMES
CR-nthos : Amarynthos, ‘ Arakynthos, Wormwood, Erymaniyos, Zakynthos, Zyrinthos, Cerinthus, Korinthos, Koskinthos, Maze, Aebinthos, Probalinthos, Pyranthos, Saminthos, Syrinthos, Tiryns Yen. Tirynthos.
CR-p(s.)ING, ttos and the(the)(a) : Amnisos, Dirfwssos, Ilja(s.)ING, Kifis(s.)ING, Knwasos, Mnkalissos, Parnassus, Praiaos, Termissos,— Ardittos, Brilittos, Gargittos, Lycabettus, Sykalittos, Sfittos,— Laris(s.)(a), Marpissa.
CR-mnos and-Mina: Kalymnos, Rethymnos, Sedamnos, Larymna, Míthimna.
With symphonic cluster PN: ' Alasarna, “Arna, Falasarna, Parnis, Harlots ", Parnassus.
Cr ·Ana: Athana, Mykanai, Pirana
.
Miscellaneous: Gaϋdos, Thassos, Thira, Gokceada, Karpathos, Crete,Kos, Leros, Lesvos, Limnos, Milos, Naxos, Iti, Olympus, Paros, Samos, Skiathos, Skϋros, Symi, Tenedos, Tinos, Chios.
(B) '. PLANT NAMES
“Apsinthos, erebinthos, kalaminthos, koloknnthi, minthi, dlynthos, Pistacia terebinthus, terminbos, hyacinth, akalifi, amygdala, anithon, arakos, asfodelos, afaki, brabyla, Laurel, ELEA, ϋymbra, ϋymos, Cactus, kapparis, kegchoos, Cedar, kerasos, kinara, kri and barley, kyminon, kipárissos, leioion, malachi, Narcissus, onwnis, origanon, orobos, rice, palioyros, pisos, rafanis, rodon, roia, selinon, sisamon, the Romans (= Willow), sikyos (= cucumber), sinapi, sirfi, wheat, sogchos, sykea, Maple, sfoggos, lentil.
(C) '. NAMES ANIMALS AND FISH
Atherini, bolinthos (= Wild ox), galeos, eledwni, thrissa, ixalos, sheath, kwbios, laros, membras, nebros (= neonate lafioy), drfws, perki, pilamys, salpi, sargo, sialos (= choiros), siserinos, skaros, skolopendra, skombros, smaris, smnraina, annular sea-bream, aynagris, sfix, teythis, trigli, fagros, channi.
(D) '. NAMES FROM NATURE
Sea, Zephyr.
(E) '. NAMES OBJECTS AND TERMS OF CULTURE
Abyrtaki (= kind of sauce),anax, arbyli, asaminthos (= bathtub), Scutum, barbiton, King, baϋnos (= Kamini blacksmith), vetch, brabeys (— judge struggle), brattimis (= type of bread), bysaos, geison, depas, dithyramb, slave, peace, booth, God, troupe, thriggos, IAMB, clean, kalws, Tin, Guitar, risk, people, lebis, pycnometer, Megaron, mirinthos, sword, pessary, plinth, trumpet, Sambuca, aandalon, iron, sicinnus (= Dance Satyrwn), sisyra, tube, friend, copper, chrysos28.
T '. NAMES OF GODS
' Athens, Apollo, Artemis, Venus, Ermis, Hephaestus.
(G) '. NAMES IMITHEWN
Giant, Hercules, Pegasus.
But clearer impression for the external form of an ancient language can be read proellinikwn submit us or inscriptions, written by Pregreeks residues in historical times, When they had gotten longer than laboring Greeks the Greek (Phoenician) alphabet, and so their inscriptions read numbers today with the same ease where read and s ancient Greek, even if, as in the content is incomprehensible. I quote well and some phrases from the pre-Hellenic inscription of Lemnos, and then a few sentences from inscriptions of etroyskwn of Italy, two things to watch out for:
1) They have nothing the Greek, nor are reminiscent of kammian other Indo-European language, or in the words eϊte in joint, and
2) How look like sound amid the Pre-hellenic or with the Etruscan. Rich and soft in two bodies, continued in accordance and poor in rugged and stigmika. And at two absent after as b, g, d.
Are two languages with numbers and apalotita, one might say, Womens.
Someplace somewhere are common or similar words, e.g.. proell. aFiz — etroysk. avils, proell. sialchFiz — etroysk. sialxus, k. s.
(A) '. from the inscription of Lemnos, the 6th BC. century.
Or correct reading is facilitated by volume that s words in inscription divided or one of the other.
Their intonation is unknown to us.
Or inscription begins so:
NAFOTH ZIAZI ZIFAI EFISTHO IOLAIEZ ZERONAITH SIALXFEIZ MAFANASIAL ZERONAI MORINAIL MARAZ AVIZ AKER TAFAPZIO
and so ends: SIAXFIZ MARAZM AFIZ AFIZ AOMAI.
(B) '. from etroyskikes Tomb inscriptions. (To x is observing. x):
LARTH ARNTHAL XURXLES THANXVILUSC XURXLES CRACIAL CIEMZARTHMS LUPU AVILS CLAN.
Alli : SETHRE LARTHAL TUTES CLAM PUMPLIALX ZILACHNUNCE ZILC XI PURTSVAVC VELAS XI MAXS AVILS GATHRUMS LUPU.
But let's turn to the Greeks.
Their life after installing them in Greece, come abruptly to an entirely new phase :
New country, with lush mountains and seas switching, so different from the joined with the horizon Plains of Europe, different, mild climate, unknown plants and animals, new housing styles with unknown far amenities, frequently working with lifestyles and dominant position of shipping, strange customs with dominance of the woman inside the House, new spicy Mediterranean blood in their veins than racial interbreeding with indigenous, new vocabulary for so many new things and concepts unknown far, strange and akatalipta sites names to their every step.
And because for us today mirror of this profound change of things is mainly the language, It is perhaps an exaggeration what it says
The French linguist a.. Meillet, that passing do the Indoeyrwpaiki in the Greek language appears that ushered in’ a kainoyrgion world 30.
Apart from foreign proellinikes words for accepting this the Greek language, There was need and from pure Greek to dismantle some, Why pretend not semantic sight, and other adapted semantically and to take on new importance.
I will confine myself to a few examples :
The word fratir Indoeyrwpaiki for omopatrio brother was not longer sufficient in new family hierarchy, where, from the mitriarchias effect of Pregreeks, the ierioteros sisterly bond was the one that existed between the omomitrioys and not in omopatrioys.
Therefore found need to articulate a new Greek word from the cumulative and delfys = uterus, i.e.. a delfos. Another example : Pontus esimaine originally in Greek. language «passage» and «way», importance of the maintained the corresponding India panthas, the Latin. ponspontis, the slab. roii etc..
Epeidi in Greece the most frequent passage and o most straight road was the sea, the point took the meaning "sea".
The methy was a drink of honey and water, importance that maintained the corresponding India. Madhu and slab. med.
When the Greeks were here another afthonwtero and best sweet drink, wine, the named Ki aytomethy, and because, Unlike the old, the new zalize methy, coined and verb methyskomai.
These, in General, It was a few years ago as our knowledge of the pre-Hellenes known and Greek relations with them. It was a scientific faith dekaetiridwn, that was for the Gospel of the famous book of r. Kretschmer, Introduction to the history of Greek glwssas31.
But suddenly the problem of Pregreeks created a fuss, the opoia, from a phase that will be one called epic, threw in a phase of dramatic.
Archaeology, the opoias the findings are valuable for all historical sciences, did a very interesting finding, the Linguistics couldn't agnoisi.
With systematic excavations testified that in Greece there are below the first Greek cultural layer, the mykinaiko, not one, but two successive pre layers culture, distinctly different among them in terms of style in the decoration of vessels, as well as the anthropological form skeletons of anthrwpwn:
The ENA, the deeper in the ground, and more old so, only in Greece and extends to m. Asia, and Eastern, Asia minor origin.
Called it a n a t o l j k what (Anatolisch).
The other, that stretches up to the previous, It is therefore younger than’ This, covers Greece, the whole of the Balkans and the Danube basin as the Hungary, passes and in n. Italy, but absent from the m. ' Asia, and has meseyrwpaiki origins.
The style of the vessels is the so-called Bandkeramik.
This layer named Doynabiko (Donauländisch).
The first Greek cultural layer, the mykinaiko, crashing down, as we said, and these two cultural layers,
the Greeks thus had predecessors in Greece as two different peoples.
What is going well;
Which of these two proellinikoys them peoples and cultures is the real proellinikos, where gave i.e.. to the Greeks the blood and the cultural and language elements where we saw; the mikrasiatikos or the meseyrwpaϊkos, or two and, one inside the other;
The problem where it was born so it was inseparably bound with the question of the origin and character of an ancient language of.
THE R. Kretschmer, that has always been the biggest pundit in the pre-issues, leaned back onto the new problem, and from the 1925 He wrote various treatises 32, their findings are summarized in 1939 in a large work titled : "The pre-linguistically and ethnologically layers» 33.
Minoans in Thira.
In this treatise he tried to symbibasi the findings of archaeology with Linguistics, admitting that the two met proellinikes Greece ethnicities:
1) A palaiotati Mediterranean, starting from the m. ' Asia, that was the last vestige of the Carians and Leleges the coast of Asia minor and of our islands, and
2) a newer European ethnicity, but not the indoeyrwpaikis language family, with some perhaps distant affinity to indoeyrwpaioys numbers, analogous to the distant kinship with the Semitic language family with the chamitiki.
As pithanwteros stroke of descent in Greece set o 25th Century BC. CH., i.e.. 500 some years ago the Greeks descend.
These are the p e l a s c o t u r n o r I, the direct, the real pre-Hellenes known.
' Re’ These stems and the pre-Hellenic linguistic heritage we saw, combined with elements of the predecessor Eastern language layer.
Aytoi maintained and forwarded to the Greeks and the ancient toponyms that had left the previous ethnological layer, adding and some their own.
They wake from Greece and Italy have passed and formed the Proitaloys, i.e.. the etroyskoys.
This stopped the r. Kretschmer, considering any other finding as early, before an ancient key brethi writing and read the proellinikes inscriptions, that would certainly solve the problem permanently.
But immediately they sprang the impatient and adventurous, the adventurers of science. Because what else but tychodiwktismos is in science, When Len frontizi research to go by pressing on solid ground, but it is in the air ;
The Bulgarian linguist Vladimir Georgief, disciple of Kretschmer and Professor of Linguistics at the Sofia IIanepistimio, immediately rested on accreditation of teacher, that direct European origin is pre-Hellenes known, and added:
Not only European origin, But language is the pre-Hellenes known indoeyrwpaikis, and during, nothing less, Thrakoillyrioi.
It is known that the Bulgarians consider themselves as their bodies of blood thrakoillyrikoy itself in the Balkans, because their ethnicity slaboboylgariki spread onto substrate thrakoillyriko.
Localisation of the Thracian and the ancient colonial Greeks of Thrace did not acknowledge him.
The same loipon thrakoillyriko guise, with which struggled to assert their ancient Macedonians are ethnically, without to achieve, because it turned out that the ancient Macedonians were linguistically and ethnologically irrelevant with the Thrakoillyrioys, Although met territorial with them, the strefoyn now in rear of Greek history, trying to represent the presence of the Greek race sii n. Balkan as a parenthesis within a thrakoillyriki eternity, It begins long before the Greeks come here and continues from the current Thrakoillyrioys ekslabismenoys.
"From ancient times, written by V. Georgief, the Thrakoillyrioi lived in the Aegean region. '' Here created a splendid culture, that culminated in Crete, at Mycenae and Troy, until, folks barbarians (the Greeks) raided by the North and subjugated them» 34.
Anyone who knows how the Bulgarians obsessed inferiority complex of ethnological and how the looting of foreign History stood rule in thought and in action, will not be affected for the new ekplagi.
But certainly I will ekplagi and lost his temper, When the Government has the following claims of V. Georgief:
Because the historical case of Hellenism from the Thrakoillyrioys with the Pregreeks and Thrakoillyriwn recruiters can leave very long historical presence of the Greeks from the 20 ° century b.c.. X. as the 20 ° m. CH., i.e.. 4.000 years, The pincers of history should be systeili more.
THE V. Dimosiepse in Georgief 1937 in Sofia a work in German with the title : The bodies of krito mykinaikoy culture, their origins and their language " 35.
In this work tries to support that not only is pre-Hellenes known Thrakoillyrioi, but all earlier in Greece Greek tribes except the dorians.
Only the dorians were Greeks.
The first and only Greek descent is the Doric.
Earlier Greek tribes, Achaeans and Ionians, was Thrakoillyrioi.
Not well from the 20 ° century b.c.. CH., rather than just from the 12 ° starts the presence of Greeks in southern Balkans.
In Troy Thrakoillyrioi besieging Thrakoillyrioys. And the katapliktikwtero: ' In prwtoillyriki language originally poiithikan and Homeric epics " 36.
That has experienced the world only in Greek language means nothing.
Is a translation made by the Greeks from the Illyrika originals, to praising the klei they of their predecessors.
Of Course, to be consistent with o V. Georgief, I had the etroyskoys of Italy, as relatives of the Pregreeks language, to the bgali them Thrakoillyrioys.
And he did it in three successive treatises adistachta toy37, published in Sofia in German 1938, 1941 and 1943. The arguments of the, written o r. Kretschmer38, It is largely so arbitrarily and deprived of probative force, dso and their pre-Hellenes known about.
Feature is that among linguists dloy of VMS code only three were found to agree with the opinions of V. The pre-Hellenes known Georgief.
One is the Bulgarian D. Detschef, the other is o Jugo m. Budimir (Arcades ambo!), and third o Austrian W. Brandenstein, He just with unbridled imagination and boldness had argued in 1937, periodiko39 in Turkish, that etroyskoi was pre-Hellenes known and Turks, and they had come and then in the Mediterranean, like the younger Turks back to the middle ages, from Central Asia.
But science does not have any importance the good the bad, the selfish the selfless intentions.
The truth is, and this, as luck, blind, and indifferent to what is harmful and what beneficial. Let us therefore in essence erthoyme.
The insurmountable obstacles, You should not allow it to accept the theory of V. Georgief, that is pre-Hellenes known Thrakoillyrioi, is:
1) That nothing at all from the linguistic residues of Pregreeks we saw above cannot be apodeichti as thrakoillyriko. The proellinikes sign-boards, as read, they do not have a Word to be found in any thrakoillyriki inscription.
In order to counteract the basic obstacle o V. Georgief what does; The outlaws are simply.
In a recent work 40 claims, without any argument, that the inscriptions were not written by the pre-Hellenes known, but once in Wales were transferred from place unknown of a non-indoeyrwpaikis area, the, says, graftikan by people unknown, non-indoeyrwpaioys, from unknown
part migrated to ancient Greece in an unknown era, and agnoista cause, and for whom no ancient author doesn't make it anywhere reason. The unknown well by unknown. Id est ignotum per ignotius explicare, they say Latinos.
The indoeyrwpaioi and is pre-Hellenes known for another reason, saith o V. Georgief 41, because none of the ancient Greek authors who speak for them not saying that is not indoeyrwpaioi.
As if it was possible the ancient Greeks, I didn't even know that there is even indoeyro)paiki language family, nor that they belonged s'ayti, nor that the language is related to another language kammian, to find out what language the language resembles that of Pregreeks.
Argumentum ex silentio "could never be chrisimopoiithi with worst way.
Then what do you think o paradoxical and unbelievable claim of V. Georgief, that the Greeks to descend on their crossed Thrakoillyrioys in Greece’ the entire Balkan ;
We know that all peoples spread into territories Indoeyrwpaikoi language-non indoeyrwpaika.
So the Greeks only stamp the bad luck, Once they move in the South, to find the entire Balkans caught by Thrakoillyrioys ; but whether or not, Suppose this was, Although nothing supports.
But then what would be fysikwtero by the Greeks to remain in place in Central Europe, to subdue, If they could of course, some of their neighbors Thrakoillyrioys, with the opoioys first came into contact in the plains of the Philhellene;
And what the most unnatural and most odd and most unlikely to accept, so apla, with absolutely no presumption, that once appeared on the horizon the Greeks, the vast world of Balkan eskistike thrakoillyrikos by magic like Red Sea in two, to perasi unhindered o Hellenic Moses marching towards the unknown and transito impasse South, and immediately closed again behind the steps of ;
What precedents were the Greeks with its southern, down from Olympus Thrakoillyrioys, so paratrechontas dloys others, rushed up to show only in’ those on their Mania possessive;
And one more thing:
If pre-Hellenes known was a simple extension of Thrakoillyriwn of Balkanikis, why only aytoi supposedly developed culture, art, writing and what,What other show us their archaeological remains, own people while the Kuroshio current and their Thrakoillyrioi nothing omoglwssoi than’ not gnwririsan, nor in the same season, or later ;
Where are the palaces of Kings like the like the Minoan mykinaika, that their treasures, the murals, the pots, their inscriptions;
It was never possible to partition an Olympus so unequal in terms of culture a large omoglwsso nation ;
How such asystata, bizarre and strange things, He was certified and would cause consternation, to accept when presented astirichta and anapodeichta ; 42.
And if all this House of cards on the Thrakoillyriwn Pregreeks was assembled just to dikaiologithi voice oddity a few words of ancient Greek, that, While it is indoeyrwpaikes, are supposedly not purely Greek, but thrakoillyriki morfi43, Why not accept that those words were broadcast in Greek during the Greek geitoneias and Thrakoillyriwn meseyrwpaikis;
The "panillyrismos" he, as the ironically named the Kretschmer, It is also historically slim, Why, as himself, impute in numerical strength and geiografiki Thrakoillyrioys area of colossal onto the Balkan, the Italian peninsula, and Mongolia. ' Asia, that in such an ancient time kommia ethnicity could not have.
Them for their recruiters can of Pregreeks with Thrakoillyrioys. For the other, the despicable Allegation, that and the first Greek tribes, i.e.. the Ionians and the achaeans, were these thrakoillyrikes, and the first great Greek civilization, the mykinaikos, and the Trojan war, Thrakoillyriwn projects, the Homeric epics, thrakoillyrika creations, that the Greeks supposedly translated and hijacked, one can kagchasi the to PI along with a judge of the Georgief claims that courtesy requires that silent (die Höflichkeit gebietet zu schweigen), the agreed upon with the r. Kretschmer that V. Georgief allegations of them bumped into such an fantasiwdi despotism, that prevents us to take him seriously but the history and the logic is more eyglwttes than the kagchasmo, the polite silence and contempt.
And here's why:
How ever could alone be the dorians Greeks, that prwtoirthan in Greece on the 1100 e.g., afoy and others, the older, the Dorians Greeks had preserved the memory of the late Doric descent, I called descent of Herakleidai;
And the main :
The Greek Ionian colonies and overseas of the achaeans outside Greece starting on 14 ° century b.c.. CH., and to involve these long-standing tribal stay in Greece and overpopulation.
The Greeks they are verified that brought colonists to their new homelands language Greek, opios p. x. the achaeans in Cyprus. But how could we ever so early Greek language from Greece in the overseas colonies, If the Greeks in Greece just prwtokatebikan around the 1100 p. X ;
Finally, the claim that the Homeric epics were translated in English by prototypes thrakoillyrika testifies to astonishing ignorance of the problems that presents the gradual genesis of poems of the Homeric and generally of epikoϋ circle.
For’ What and who is involved with the Homeric question is not considered his opinion Boylgaroy linguist worthy of even mention oyie revise.
It could only be one rwtisi:
The Greeks, I so much respected the pre-names, that happened by dragging in their language the epic glories of Thrakoillyriwn not to maintain in the Homeric epics, nor a thrakoillyriko only but the Greek hero ;
The last secret of the ethnic origin of the Pregreeks is inscribed with an unknown alphabet and in an unknown language on thousands of proellinikwn epigrafwn45.
The difficulties to read once the inscriptions these are during the. Evans forever insurmountable, When r. Kretschmer and others, very large.
We want to solve a problem with two unknown coefficients, the language and writing.
In order to know the language, You must first find out what the symbols represent the letters of the inscriptions.
But also to find what pronunciation has the letters, We need to know the language. From the vicious circle that just finding a bilingual inscription, as was done for the hieroglyphics on the Rosetta stone inscription, could bgali us.
The difficulties these prosiethike last another :
The latest excavations at Pylos, at Mycenae, etc.. bring to light more and more signs with prehellenic alphabet, belonging to 14 ° and 13 ° century b.c.. CH., i.e.. at a time when the these citadels possess Greek tribes, so it is very likely that these inscriptions to depict language Greek *.
In this case those experimenting with hypothetical readings of these inscriptions, Greeks and foreigners, do not know which language to support the hypothetical readings.
When, as was done for other unknown writings, the sfinoeidis of Assyrobabylwniwn kaiiws and the hieroglyphic of the Egyptians, brethi the key and an ancient writing and katanoithi of the language of the inscriptions, the nationality of the Pregreeks — whatever it is — I should a detail • potty inside the exquisite spectacle of an unknown, ancient and exotic world, that overdrawn will glow in our eyes and our milisi himself will be in the language of.
*. Nb. Before my speech above typwthi got welcome news, whereas in Sweden and in England at the same time found the key to an ancient writing, that began to diabazwntai the inscriptions of Mycenae and Pylos that are undoubtedly Greek language! It is the language of the achaeans of the 14th and 13th aiwna p. CH., long before the dorians in Greece descend (the first and only Greeks in xöv V. Georgief), those IE. just that the Bulgarian linguist struggled to the presentation as Thrakoillyrioys.
NOTES
1. That s Ionians went first in Greece and not s Achaeans, as they thought ol e. Meyer and Busolt, see. R. Kretschmer Glotta validate 1, 11.
2. For the dark color of the Pregreeks see. R. Kretschmer in Glotta25, 5.
3. That s was blonde and galanoi indoeyrwpaioi see. W. Sieglinq, Die blonden Haare der indogermanischen Völker des Altertums. Eine Sammlung der antiken Zeugnisse als Beitrag zur Indogerinanenfrage. (München 1935). Gp. R. Kretschmer Glotta validate 27, 4 kex.
4.See. R. Uussand, Les civilisations prehelleniques dans le bassin de la ruer d'Egee. (Paris 1914), S.. N. Sunrise, the ancient Cretan culture. (' In Athens 1927).
5. Irod. 1,56. «(Croesus] No Lacedaemonians and ‘ Athinaions proechontas, some toy Doric genus, and of them iwnichoϋ. Not the prochechrimena γάρ Taϋta, eonta volume archaϊon the Pelasgichon, the "ethnos" newspaper "is not ellinichon. Gp. and DPS saith for laboring Ionians s Islands 7, 95 «and tonto "ethnos" newspaper Pelasgichon, iwnichon eklithi * not ysteron.
6. So when tou translation tion s. Eftaliwti. The ancient text (Odyss. T 174) is:
a d’ people a lot, apeiresioi, enenichonta and polies. “Alli d'allwn memigmeni ýí although Achaeans language, a d’ Eteochrites megalitores, a de Kydwnes Dwriees Te dϊoi Te trichaiches Pelasgians.
7. Irod. 1, 58. "The ellinichon of michrou telecommunications Hat’ all pliuos ethnewn ormeomenon iyzeto s, Fact proschechwrichotwn aytf user pelasgon other frequent eunewn barbarians ". Gp. Thoykyd. 1, 3, 1.
8. Irod. 1, 57. «”Diplomat iesan de Intina s atrecheois I eipai ouch Pelasgians’ We were eati techmairomenon debt is not… regulations were Pelasgians diplomat ientes barbaron».
9. Irod. 2, 57. "Volume" ethnos "newspaper Attichon, the Pelasgikon, If the change in the Greek and the language is changed» .
10. Irod. 5, 20 «What otanis… GF Limnon user imbron eile, even then under the Pelasgians ampsoteras oicheomenas *.
11. Irod. 2 56 "of nϋn ellados, erstwhile de Pelasgiis chaleymenis *.
12. Thoykyd. 4, 109 «oichyϋntai xnmmeichtois ethnesi ai barbarians bilingual, and what short Chalchidikon EMI, the tree mostly Pelasgikon, s and Limnon never Tyrsinwn oikisantwn user ' Athens *.
13. Strab. 7, 321 "Hecataeus of Miletus on hand s of Peloponnese psiain, that pre s pschisan this Greek barbarians. Almost the whole of what de or Hellas was the new barbarians residence *.
14. N.. ' Apoll. Rod. I 608. "Wchisan blaptichwtatoi Tyrsinoi γάρ this being * .
15. ' Odyss. Θ 294 «(“Ifaistos) oichetai s agriofwnoys Limnon after Sintias *. And the commentator of Hellanicus of Mytilene odysseias interpreting the same verse characterizes residents of Limnos € mixellinas».
16. thoykyd. 1, 8 "Oych ioson And robbers were s nisiwtai, Carians being and palm trees” Tash pleistos of outoi already wkisan Islands.
17. Strab. 14, 661 "Many reasons eirimenwn on Karwn de o malisth’ BIOS omologonmenos Ochi, that s Kares…, then known as Leleges, Tash Islands have».
18. The name Pelasgians interpreted today by volume * Pelagsgoi, and toϋto by the sea, where originally meant omali surface», (GP. Alos ýí pelageasi, alion Beach, poniion sea) and "plain". They were named by Pelasgians Greeks initially the indigenous kampisioi, s pre-Hellenes known where possessed and cultivated the Plains.
19. Ltte. P. 233 «Zen per, Dwdwnaie, Pelasgike, chilothi naiwn,Medewn dyscheimeron IDwdwnis» .
20. From the multitude of related tasks see. C. Schuchhardt, Die Indogermanisierung Griechenlands. Die Antike 9, 303 kex., 4. Debrunner, Die Besiedlung des alten Griechenland im Licht der Sprachwissenschaft. Neues Jahrbuchfür kl. Altertum 21, 433 kex.
21. Pre-Hellenic effect in the iioniki dialekio believe some turn in the makrou (a) tou, the turn tou t< in SI (Poseidon Potidawn, eikoii twenty, ichonti echoysi) k. s. 22. See. (E). Ries, Quae res et qua vocabula a gentibus seruiticis in Graeciam pervenerint. (Breslau 1890), MussArnold, Semitic words in Greek and Latin. Trans, of the Ann. Philol. Ass. 23,35156, A. Müller, Semitische Lehnworte im älteren Griechisch. Bezz. Beitr. 1, 273, where and earlier literature. 23. W. Spiegelberg, Aegyptische Lehnwörter in der älteren griechischen Sprache. Kuhn's Zeitschr. 41, 127 kex. 24. R. Kretschmer, in Glotta 28, 252. 25. R. Kretschmer, Pelasger und Etrusker, in Glotta 11, 276 kex. 26. Or study of Etruscan got strong growth especially in Italy from the 1928, with the establishment of Etroyskikwn Studies Committee», where publishes the magazine «Studi Etrusci». New material for the Etruscan gathers the e. Vetter in Glotta 28, 117231. 29, 205219. 27. See. R. Kretschmer, Einleitung in die Geschichte der griechischen Sprache. (Göttingen 1896), A. Fick, Vorgriechische Ortsnamen als Quelle für die Vorgeschichte Griechenlands. (Göttingen 1905). 28. ΒΛ ΠΕΡΙΣΣΌΤΕΡΑ ΠΑΡΑΔΕΊΓΜΑΤΑ. G. Glotz, La civilisation egeenne, o. 441, (C). N. ΧΑΤΖΙΔΆΚΗ ΣΤΉΝ “ΑΘΗΝΆ 42, 83 kex. Gp. //. FRISK, Grekiskan och det egeiska substratet. Apophoreta Gotoburg V. Lundstrom oblata, s.. 171185. 29. See. C. Pauli, A Greek inscription of Lemnos. 2 ΤΌΜΟΙ (Leipzig 188694), A. Torp, The pre-Greek inscription of Lemnos. (Christiania 1903), E. Nachmanson, The Greek inscriptions of Lemnos. ATH. Mitt. 1908,47 kex., S. P. Cortsen, The lemnische inscription. Glotta 18, 101 kex., P.Kretschmer,The Tyrrhenian inscriptions of the stele of Lemnos. Glotta 29,89 98. 30. A. Avoids, Apergu d 'une histoire de la lanque grecque', s.. 32 «en passant de l ' indoeuropeen au grec commun»., on entre un monde nouveau dans».. 31. P. Kretschmer, Introduction to the history of the Greek language. (Göttingen 1896). 32. P. Kretschmer, The protindogermanische layer. Glotta 14, 302 kex., ΤΟΰ ΊΔΙΟΥ, The oldest levels on Crete, Glotta 31, 120. 33. P. Kretschmer, The pre-Hellenic spoke and grass-roots classes. Glotta 28, 234 278, 30, 84 218, 244 246. 34. V. Georgief, The winners of the design Mycenaean culture, their origin and their language, I (Sofia 1937). Summary. Gp. ΤΟΎ ΊΔΙΟΥ, Before Greek Linguistics. (Sofia 1941). 35. ΣΤΌ ΊΔΙΟ. 36. ΣΤΌ ΊΔΙΟ. «In urillyrischer language also the Homeric epics were first drawn up.. 37. Georgief, The language of the Etruscans.(Sofia 1938),-The fate of the idg. Ο declination in Etruscan. (Sofia 1941),-The linguistic affiliation of the Etruscans. (Sofia 1943). 38. Kretschmer, in Glotta 27, 3 «his etymologies are largely so arbitrarily and without probative value., as in the I. Part».. 39. Brandenstein, Linguistic to the prehistory of the Etruscan and Tyrrhenians. Bulletin, Istanbul 1937, s.. 745 kex. 40. Georgief, État actuel prehellenique of the études de linguistique. Studia linguistica 2 (1948), 71. 41. Georgief, at the same, the. 71. 42. For the story and only needs being simeioithi here that as things argued and the Thomopoulos, "Pelasgian", i.e. on the language of the Pelasgians (Athens 1912), where is trying to exigisi the pre with the help of Albanian, and the n. ' Eleftheriadis, Pelasgian Greece, s pre-Hellenes known (Athens 1931), where does pre-Hellenes known Semitic them, and the Homeric epics epwn proellinikwn Semitic translation. but two bodies and had the ayioi mitigating that neither linguists, nor do philologists were, were occupied i.e.. with the issues as amateurs, so irresponsibly and asynorista. (See. crisis of c. N. Hatzidakis in Athina 43, 41 kex.). Nowadays other amateur fan of n. Eleftheriadis, Mr. (D). THE. Tziortzogloy, through unique supply volume dictionary of Turkish tou o Fresh, publishes a series of pamphlets, with the title "pelasgikis etymologiai and explanations of the origin of Greek words»(Miitilini 1949 kex.),where he explains everything the prehellenic to Arabic ! 43. As a sample of the neurosis which method works the V. Georgief ii for having supporting his theory that it is pre-Hellenes known Thrakoϊllyrioi numbers, because supposedly a few Indo-European words of Greek form thrakoϊllyriki show, mention the following : The word asaminthos — bathroom bathtub ii associates with the HELLEN. edged = stone and accepts that a virus caused in turn by tou in the, satem languages where is, as in Indian, where the edges became asman. but the bathtub, like certifying or Archaeology has always been from clay, of metal or wood, but never from stone. Stone, however, and that was, It is not thinkable because I had being called stone or stone. MR A. Mayer in Glotta 32, 58 produces the aoaminthos from volume assyr. neroϋ container = assammu. Most etymologies tou oi V. Georgief», written by Kretschmer Glotta validate 27, 2, "it is so arbitrary and obscure, ΏΣΤΕ ΠΕΡΙΣΣΌΤΕΡΟ ΕΞΑΣΘΕΝΟΎΝ ΠΑΡΆ ΕΝΙΣΧΎΟΥΝ ΤΉ ΘΡΑΚΟΪΛΛΥΡΙΚΉ ΘΕΩΡΊΑ ΤΟΥ».. 44. R. Kretschmer Glotta validate 27, 2. «It is me but incomprehensible»., like Galbano the aiolischen dialect of Illyria, the Homeric epic for the folk epic of Urillyrier, the Achaeans and hence the carrier which may explain raykenischen culture for lllyrier. Here he versteigt himself to a fantastic will cure, that no longer be can taken seriously».. ΠΑΡΆ ΤΙΣ ΚΡΊΣΕΙΣ ΑΥΤΈΣ, Ο V. Georgief reverts to his theory through perseverance in a recent work with the title D actuel des etudes de linguistique prehellenique, Studia linguistica magazine in Swedish (Lund) 2 (1948) 6992. 45. From the great number of relative dissertations see. (F). Xanthoudidou, Prehistoric writing a Crete. AOina 18, 560581, (A). Evans, Scripta Minoa I (Oxford 1909), G. Ipsen, Der Diskus von Phaistos. Ein Versuch zur Entzifferung. Indog. Forsch. 47, 141, (C). (E). Miller, the enepigrafos amforeys of eleysinos and eterostomos or Greek writing. Arch. Efim. 1936, s.. 61 100, G. Puqliese Carratelli, (C),e preelleniche di Haghia Triada inscrizioni in Creta Peninsulare e della Greeia (1945), B. Hrozny', Kretas und Vorgriechenlands Inschriften, Geschichte und Kultur. Ein Entzifferungsversuch. Archive Orientalny'14 (1943), ΤΟΰ ΊΔΙΟΥ, Les inscriptions cretoises II. Archive Orientalny’ 15 (1946), P. Kretschmer, The inscriptions of Praisos and eteokretische language (1946). ΠΕΡΙΣΣΌΤΕΡΑ: http://www.Schizas.com/ site3/index.php?option = com_content&view = article&ID = 57091% 3Amakedonia-kai-proellines&CATID = 32% 3Amacedonia-i-elliniki&Itemid = 211&lang = el #ixzz3SYk3enXt
the field, where was the abduction of her daughter is somewhere North of Paggaio as we write the Appian
