Amphipolis, return of the GREAT
The Amphipolis: Return of the Great is available to download for free from the downloads of GameWorld.gr
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Amphipolis, return of the GREAT
The Amphipolis: Return of the Great is available to download for free from the downloads of GameWorld.gr
Click here to play
This is fourth installment regarding the elaborate Amphipolis burial complex that many hope might belong to "The Great" himself.
The riddle of the Alexander the Great-era tomb grew by a multiple of five on Monday as the Greek Ministry of Culture announced that bones found late last year belong to FIVE different people. Archeologists determined that a 60 year-old female (suffering from osteoporosis), a newborn with undetermined gender, two males aged between 35 and 45 years, and an adult of uncertain age who, unlike the others, was cremated. Adding to the intrigue, one of the male occupants was stabbed to death, likely with a dagger or a sword. Was it murder most foul? After Alexander's death, who would rule his vast empire caused considerable discord among the generals. In the chaotic time following his death, Alexander's mother, widow, son and half-brother were murdered. All of them were killed near Amphipolis. Archaeologist may not have found Alexander the Great's last resting place (though many still hope his remains are deeper inside), they may have found his slaughtered family.
Researchers will attempt to extract DNA from the bones to see if there is a family link between the five. No word yet on how they would compare any DNA recovered to that of Alexander. Though history records that he was buried in Alexandria, Egypt, his actual tomb has never been found. Stay tuned!
tgnreview.com
The historian and author Andrew Chang has made it clear that "when 90% is this», While other archaeologists prestigious seen buried in massive tumulus of Amphipolis, with their arguments to have reasonable basis.
So what if the historical sources disagree; Like Let's say Diodorus Siculus, When he claimed that "for cassander was proved by its own acts that were totally opposed to Alexander's policy, Why shoot the Olympics and threw atafi and rebuilt with great diligence Thebes that Alexander had leveled ". The historian of the 1st century BC. does not leave any room for doubt about the fate of the militant Ipeirwtissas when stresses unequivocally "the GF γάρ foneysanta atafon ripsai Olympics».
Whatever the historical truth about the occupant of Amphipolis, the famous Princess of Molossians and Grand Commander mother remains an enigmatic figure of the ancient world, a dynamic woman who is actively involved in the political events of the era, as the personality and the influence the cut ever in the patient's sex position.
As for the life of the Princess ipeirwtissas, only adventurous can logistei: from the betrayal of Kassandoy up to the disgrace of death, the Olympiad was the legend of militant and managed the impossible, not to be overshadowed by the personality of the ' Giants ' of her life, Philip and Alexander of ...
Early years
The Olympiad is born the 373 e.g.. as a daughter of deyterotoki King of the molossians of Epirus, Neoptolemus Ii, in the city Passarwna (today's Prefecture of Ioannina), capital then possible Kingdom. By the standards of the era, its name was changed in the course of her life, following the events of the life of: the Princess born Polyxeni renamed Myrtali after her marriage and later became known as the Olympiad (and Stratonice) When Philip was crowned Olympic champion in chariot races of the Olympics 356 e.g..
For the children of years and not many well-known, Although we know that defining moment of her life was when to age 11 years lost her father ascended to the throne and her uncle Arybbas. The first work of this, to marry the older sister of Olympic Games, Troas (and niece of Arybba), and to transfer the Familia in Ambracia (Orraon), they grew up probably the Princess.
From small thirsting for education, the Olympics took the traditional higher education in the era of prosidiaze in the Royal lineage, Although she showed the same thirst for all things metaphysical. He lived in heyday of Molossians, a period review of institutions and spiritual awakening, so all the Greek world was at the discretion.
The side well in Royal education received, He was initiated in priestly mysteries and served for years on the Oracle of Delphi, at the same time that the metaphysics of curiosity about life and the esoteric secrets of the death brought by the Bakchikwn Mysteries of territory up to the Cabeiri of Samothrace, There they reportedly met for the first time Philip II of Macedon (in the sanctuary of the great gods). From the mystical this occupation became famous in antiquity familiarity with snakes (the fact that legend say that Zeus himself was joined together with the form of the serpent was leading Alexander the great into believing that he was the son of the King of the gods)…
By Princess ipeirwtissa, makedonissa Queen
The Olympiad married King of Macedon, Philip Ii, the 357 e.g.. and passed on the side of two decades (as the murder of the King 337 e.g.), getting together of two children, Alexander and Cleopatra. It was indeed the only one of the eight women of Philip (complete chronology: Kiss, Aydati, Filinna, Olympiad, Nikasipoli, Mida, Arsinoe and Cleopatra), He took the title of Queen, as the superior education and dynamic of the character stood out from all the other.
Under its own pressure was annexed Philip all the neighbouring regions in the Kingdom of the molossians, with the same and the young son to remain for many years in her hometown and Dodoni. So when I went up later Alexander at the helm of Macedonia inherited the Molossians, and Macedonians sincere relationships.
The Olympiad assumed from the beginning that he entered the courtyard of Pella action, trying to ensure the succession of her own son to the Macedonian throne. So while many praised for the combative personality and incomparable charm, others accused the pathological fondness to Alexander and the machinations of the last to get the coveted anointing (Plutarch, Let's say, the characteristic of kakotropi and jealous, While the habit of appearing with domesticated snakes could not pass unnoticed).
Despite the 20 years passed on the side of Philip, the couple then estrangement from some harmonically years common life, When the King made another feasibility wedding, This time the 17 year-old Cleopatra attalid House, that resulted in another descendant, the Arridaio the younger. This fact was that estranged the Olympiad and pushed to permanently abandon, along side the King's voracious sexual activity were the sons of, who would have rights to the Macedonian throne anymore (According to another version, It was the narrative of the myth with Zeus who turned into a snake and left her pregnant to Alexander that angered Philip and split, accusing her of adultery, After openly admit that Alexander was not the son of!).
Philip decided to marry his daughter Cleopatra to King of the molossians and brother of Olympias, Alexander A., partly to thank the former Queen of, hoping to rebuild their relationships. But as we know during the wedding ceremony the head of his personal guard Pausanias nailed with the sword.
Serving researchers currently supports that behind the assassination was the Olympiad, on the occasion of the last marriage of Philip with the young Cleopatra and the acquisition of their son, who threatened the Royal rights of Alexander. The historical scenarios involve him Alexander the great in the lethal shot, as stratilatis devalued in delfinwn and purges of political opponents to ensure his throne, always on the pretext that ekdikoytan the killing his father.
We are furthermore in another notorious era machinations and plektanwn, so all scenarios are open. The seasons which Philip the trust with eyes closed and give the governance of the Kingdom when it was missing on kataktitikes campaigns had gone gone. Extra, the Olympiad was created in Macedonian Court its own circle of favoured and courtiers, something that brought further friction in their relations of ...
Political action and death of Alexander the great
The time to show the Olympiad the fighter character and personality of the heroic had arrived: After leaving Macedonia and settled in Epirus (as the great goal for the enthronement of Alexander at the helm of the Kingdom was successful), debts assumed Regent and guardian of the underage grandson of Neoptolemus yet c, When she died her brother Alexander I.
The continent is developed political action, with its historic importance to affect the entire Greek world: expanded the "audience of Molossians» with append new sex in the Kingdom of Epirus, Renaming the anymore in the Apeirotan mean "Allies" and xanadinontas of the old prestige.
Although the new Alliance was not to makroimereysei (It took just 8 years: 336-328 e.g.), She was no longer the powerful person of the molossians, ruling with determination and their Builder of fist for other 11 ή 13 (According to other sources) years.
When she learned the death of her son Alexander c latremenoy ' the 323 e.g., knock-down could not believe the tragic news. Oil in a tragic fire clearly threw the incredible quarrels and the epigonwn of race or strenuously active. Commander for the successor State, as there were few generals of claiming a share of the huge territorial pie.
When he was appointed throne Dauphin another son of Philip, the Arridaios (by Filinna), the Olympics could not hide her anger (Meanwhile he had returned to Macedonia from the 317 e.g.). The danger for the life of the newborn grandson of Alexander IV (the son of Alexander and Roxanne), He had meanwhile symbasilias anagoreytei to settle the riots, It was great.
Olympiad, Roxane and Alexander d ' resort so in secure Continent, watching the crippling battles of Alexander epigonwn from the Kingdom of the molossians. The fate didn't tell yet though the reason ...
Armed conflict and run
The aftermath of the war of succession anointed all-powerful General cassander in Macedonia, the biggest political opponent of Olympiad, who is allying himself with the Dauphin Arridaio was a Commissioner of the Macedonian throne. Anticipating that the new conspiracy would leave unless the Crown her grandson Alexander d ', the Olympiad organised by the troops of the molossians and invaded in Macedonia.
At first even conflicts with the forces of Arridaioy, the Continental Army of the Olympiad WINS and the pretender to the Crown is captured, finding the tragic death of the elderly no longer Queen. It was then that came out in the wake of kassandros, who besieges the Olympiad in Pydna (City of thermaikos) and after 7 months of siege the Queen surrenders to save the life of her grandson.
Kassandros but defaulted on his promise and slaughtered the Olympiad, though according to other sources, He called those who loathed to the stone, However, leaving the bunch of atafi rotting. It was the tragic end and at the end of a whole era. With the Olympics outside the frame and without high-level support anymore, what you feared the Roxane happened: the Antipater, son of Cassander and usurper of power in Macedonia, jailed her and her son Alexander IV and by order of the 311 e.g.. mother and son murdered. ...
Although Archilochus, style question, my guide is like writing, though the excerpt that had escaped my attention, until the project and my friend Christos Polatidis had once indicated. It looks like the earliest written testimony of our country, from man who saw him up close. Indeed it is very buttery reason, a and exits the poisonous pen of Archilochos, which unlike that of Homer, had great sparingly on flattery, While rattled the spikes for everything bad. Thassos shows like donkey back to the same poem.
And indeed Archilochus should arrived in our parts. In the battles of Phrygian Pariwn with genders, on the coast opposite the island of Thassos, the last colony of Pariwn was Galipsos, very close to Iiona which was the port of Amphipolis. So in some of the battles with neighbors, claiming living space found in the Valley of Struma. We know that the Parioi arrived in Bisaltia where according to Callimachus, Bisalti Osydri killed, but also in the archaeological excavations of Amphipolis statue on horseback from pedestal was found which has the inscription: Commissioned the Parioi monument in Ember Toki, Why died in his teens, battling for the erati Iiona.
This great little intro and verse of Archilochos, is to understand as much as possible, the complex, When talking about ancient tribes. Seeing as there are no clear dividing lines. When they battle like enemies, when defending along the Iiona. The Athenians would have like heroic cult in Amphipolis the Ember King Riso. Which mythical Rhesus of the Iliad, It was typically Thracian and… “Serraios”.
“Re’ the winds dernomenos
the pageroys of Thrace, Paionia and”
“Around the Pangeo
and the Paionioys Plains”
Euripides Rhesus
As we have seen, writing for the prehistoric area of leaves, the area was inhabited by Thracians, Paeonian and Pelasgians. From these sheets impurities, and other neighbouring (Macedonians etc), or settlers (Parioi, Athenians etc) created many races around the Strymon and the slopes of the mountains that surround the basin, What we call today the Prefecture of Serres. With influences from the tribes who were isolated or prosmichthikan, they created their own culture and dialect, which characterised. Based on these well, separate these phyla into two categories. In Phrygian and Paionika, from the main effect mainly linguistic dialect which used. The areas of the County, as will the quote, does not have an absolute nature as to their geographical identification, a and the sexes were not borders and identify Paioniko or Thracian sex, It is like we are delivered from the ancient.
“…and anisti and Agrianas and Laiaioys and others as Nations Paionika…”
Thucydides
The Agrianes as their hands in Thucydides is sex Paioniko residing in the NORTHEAST area of Strymon Uptown, as written by Strabo. C. Kaftantzis in our history of Serres writes that should be lived in an important part of ancient orbiloy, from the area of Melenikou (South Bulgaria), until the SOUTHWEST foot of Menoikioy.
Arrian to Alexander ascent, the singles of the Paeonian, so I have to assume that during the period of classical times, There was some cultural change to the Agrianes. The Agrianes was one of the most robust, Hardy and polemikoteroys peoples of the then known world, as informs us again Arrian. Were friends and allies of the Macedonians and the King Laggaros had very friendly ties, both Philip II’ and m. Alexander.
Latest reports about sex that we have at the time of Perseus. Apparently then assimilated culturally into another sex. However when we say “assimilated” ή “disappeared”, I need to know how the characteristics of each people and the cultural, religious (We'll talk about this in more detail) heritage the digests within a new impurity. Nothing is lost and everything is tradition. Them to not repeating you should bear in mind and in subsequent races that we will mention.
“Laiaioi nation Paionikon” us writes Stephen of Byzantium. Are the neighbors of Agriani, As Thucydides informs us: “and the Strymonos River, the Skombroy and conditions, di Laiaiwn and flows of Agriani”. There aren't many references for the Laiaioys. Probably lived in the shadow of the more powerful and their gay of Agriani.
The Siriopaiones with its capital the Siri, According to Herodotus lived in the downtown area which was later named Odomantiki. The first historical reference to this people in 513p. During his campaign against the Persian General Megabazoy Paiones.
The people he seems to lived in the mountainous outskirts of Menikio, compared with lowland Siropaionwn. Specifically in the area of current darnakochwriwn, as and further East in the foothills and slopes of Menikio, to the n. Zichni. We report from Herodotus to be from Megabazo in Persia and the adventurous return. Later we read again about them during the campaign of Xerxes at 480p. They have found small coins with depiction of wild ducks and lizard which according to Svoronos as assigned to Paioples. In fact the Paioples considers Svoronos as immigrants persecuted by the Macedonians, coming from the area of Prespa.
People who according to Herodotus lived to the Paioplwn, likely in the region n. Zichni up Alistrati and probably is part of a Paionikoy sex which was cut off from the area of Dojran and settled in the area after the Trojan, the era of colonization Paionikis to the East and South.
Three folks who are unknown to us their geographical location, but we are known from their coins. On the basis of their currencies, confirming the existence of these peoples in the area around Strymon at the 500p. about. Of the performances and the currency symbols, conjectured that it is peoples Paionikoys. The most interesting are the Derrones, who like delivers the Hesychius took their name from the one deity Darwn, which was the goddess of health. It should be noted that the Greeks used to call all healers gods, as Paeonian or Paiionas. Here you have to stand out in a currency Pelasgic – Paioniko that one side has the name Lykeios and other Apollo with the inscription Derrwnaios. The therapist God Apollo.
“Maedi, nation of Thrace, near Macedonia…” us written by F. Of Byzantium. The Maedi shared with Laiaioys and Paeonian Agrianes and the Thracians Sintoys, the northern area of the current Prefecture. Were people war and fierce. They were defeated twice by the Macedonians, the first time from the m. Alexander in 340p and Philip e’ the 211p, but without permanently subdued. Even against the Romans rose up the Maedi. There is an inscription found at Liti and mentions an unknown RAID of Maidwn along with Skordiskoys (Galatians) in Macedonia, the 119 and 118p. However, they were defeated by the Romans at some unknown location ARGOS. Later they took part in the Mythridatiko war and paid dearly as Sulla plundered the country of Maidwn who were confined in the Haemus mountains and Slavyanka.
“Wdones, nation of Thrace, per Maidois omoron. Dionysus in the Exclusiv Maidwn t Bassarikwn’ wild sex and wdones elesipeploi”.
Stephanos Vyzantios.
As we write and the c. Kaftantzis their name refers either to the Idones region of Amphipolis which will see below, either in Klwdwnes which means the Bacchae. So we conclude that the wdones was a piece of the most famous Thracian region's gender, hedoni. Maybe you were the original core of the.
“Invited γάρ tines Sinties of Thracians, or Sintoi, or Saioi…”
Stef. Of Byzantium
The Sintoi is the Thracian sex, probably are part of Sindwn, who according to Herodotus lived East of Crimea, adjacent to the Scythians. This sex likely descended to the South and the encounter so the area you are considering, and in the SOUTHWEST of Nestos named Sapes (Sintioi… The d’ These onomazoynte Sapai now:). Also Homer and Strabo tell us about one race which spoke no Greek, resided in Lemnos and which was called Sintioi according to the first in the Odyssey, “Sintias Agriofwnoys” and Sintoys in accordance with the second.
For the origins of the name we can't draw any meaning from ancient Greek. C. Kaftantzis concludes that the name comes from the word Sandwn which means was Sun. But the more likely it is to be driven to this conclusion from his own point of view for the iliolatria to the Strymonioys folks. Most likely, the word is derived from a dialect which is unknown.
Perhaps the most complicated history within Strymoniki Earth. In principle we are confined to one area of Pageos, to take advantage of some of the mines of the mountain, but mainly the Satres control. After the Meidika (and for this the c. Kaftantzis writes that perhaps extended with the help of the Persians and this has the significance of habits of Odomantwn as we will see after), the Odomantes appear to occupy the entire area east of the Strymon, from the area of the present-day Sidirokastrou, to Amphipolis! For this and we have one confusion, a resident in the same area and the best-known Greek Phrygian from all genders, the Edoni. On the origin of Odomantwn also in many ways prevail and disagreements. Others consider Paeonian, other Thracians, other Jews! The latter are driven to this conclusion from the strange and repulsive for the Greek habit of Odomantwn, to make circumcision.
As with the case of personally Odomantwn with preoccupied several in the past. The personal point of view I have for this is that people are going for Thracian sex which went almost desolate country of Paiones from RAID and abduction of Megabazoy, piezomenoi from the hawkish Satres. While culturally joined the Paeonian returned, as with the Persians who after the Persian wars know that had the fortress of Iionas, which later occupied the Athenians. so this strange habit, either they brought the Paeonian returned from the East, either the Persians held over the coast and the region's forts.
The Edoni were one of the most famous ancient Thracian tribes. For the Greeks, the word idwnas was synonymous with many times the word typically Thracian! Aeschylus in the Persians characterizes the Thracian land as “Idwnis flag”, and in the tenth century dictionary, in Word Father = Phrygian Idwnika. The Idones inhabited by older and in Thassos, in Athos, in Bisaltia in Mygdonia where according to Thucydides the displaced Macedonians with Alexander the’ during the fifth century b.c..
A large chunk of Pleasures which stretched between the N slopes of Pageos, the Aggiti and strimonikos Bay, East of the Strymon, called Phillis or Kiasa. A smaller piece, South of Paggaio called Pieria and the vagina Pierikos. The area around the ancient city of Myrkino called Myrkinia. While the area approaching the Struma and slopped into the sea was called “Niriidwn Dances”. Here you have to stand in the special relationship that we see in the ruins of Amphipolis with nymphs or illustrations and cults, as a sacred one nymph outside the northern wall of the ancient city, they were a very interesting ritual cult chthonias, that probably had to do with the Struma and perhaps with the daughter of Rodopi, which he played along with Persephone in the abduction of the latter by Hades in Elefsina.
The shrine of the nymph in front of the North wall |
Satres lived in the high and inaccessible parts of the mountains, Pageos, Menoikioy, Rodopi and possibly even West. Probably belonged to the tribe of Dio and were people liberal, Wild, many times listrikos and polemikotatos. I never succumbed to anyone as it informs us of Herodotus. It was not, so powerful in war often serving as volunteers or mercenaries in other armies. Satres according to Herodotus were the famous Bissoi, that of priestly of Dionysus, are then separate Thracian tribe. The great that people resisted the King Demetrius to239p. to Philip e’ the 183p., era in which referred to as the main ethnicity of Thrace. Also the Romans fought the 72p. and finally only 11 m ypotachtike. Re’ the min. Piswna. As the people he converted to Christianity by the Romans and was merged with the great mass of Dardanoys and so lost in this melting pot of Nations and cultures and this breed, a religion orgiastikis, a wild life and a culture of nature.
The Panaioi lived near Amphipolis. Herodotus in the enumeration of the tribes of the region do not mention. You should therefore assume that or transferred here after grabbing the Megabazo or Paiones is admixture of THRACIANS or Thracian with Paeonian or all three together. The Aggitis River was named by the Byzantines, as Panakas, something that may not be irrelevant. Their name probably has religious morphology of God Nappy. Obviously you need to possess some sanctuary of Pan, part of the theatre of Dionysus, a and all the peoples of the region were Mystics of the God Dionysus. It is known from finds in the worship of God pan in the area of our County. So from funerary figurines of Amphipolis, as mainly from Gazwroy anathimatos clip under where are the God's feet tragisia, with the inscription Theydas, Koyzilmoris, anethinto Pan eyxamenoi. The name Koyzilmoris seems the Thracian.
The Panaioi during the Peloponnesian War they took part of the Athenians. The Panaioi then and after annexation in Macedonian Kingdom “lost”, apparently within the Macedonian empire, create with other neighboring tribes, a more general Thracian culture.
Another strange story as that of Odomantwn. The Pieres were Thracian people, but that was much more clear Greek influences. Enchanting myths accompany them for their high art and philosophy. The Pieres are known from the Iliad, Although Thracians in unspecified time arrived to live on Olympus. From there were driven in a series of wars, from the first Macedonian Kings. So found on the southern slope of Pageos, where it might be and their first cradle.
The land of Bisaltwn was West of the Strymon on the South side of. Lived together with their Idwnoys, the Pelasgians and mainly the Paeonian and had their own Kings, the names of many of whom we have left. The Bisaltae were native people, who occasionally arrived on a large scale because of their conquests. From the archaic years exchanged culture with Greek, a and the coast was inhabited by settlers from southern Greece. (… ESTI oikimenin Argilon in the seashore, parexime city Greece, This and the kaleetai point Bisaltii katyperthe. Herodotus). Characterized as a people for their love of freedom, bravery and their discipline. The Bisaltae name comes from their progenitor Bisalti, son of the Sun and Earth.
A typical quote from Herodotus to the Bisaltae are the following, from the Persian wars.
Then the King of the country of Bisaltwn and Kristinaiwn, In typically Thracian origin, did this unheard-of. He not only had stated that his won't ever become a slave of Xerxes, and left up to the Rhodope Mountain, but his sons and ordered not to embark vs. Greece. But either because they defied his words, or because they simply wanted to become spectators of the war, took part in the campaign along with Persi. When everyone returned unharmed after the campaign, their father took out the eyes for this blame. And such fee they got.
The Kristwnaioi at the time of the Persian wars, as we saw above appear to constitute a common State with the Bisaltae. This is not omofyloys folks. Herodotus tells us that it is indigenous Pelasgians. Katoikoysaan on the Western side of the Struma and North of Bisaltwn. Attributed to these silver coins with display ox head on one side and on the other the Pegasus.
History of the town of Serres and his constituents. (C). Kaftantzis (Second volume)
Ancient Geography of Macedonia. M. Dimitsa (Chapter 16 to chapter 21)
Herodotus Histories (By the fifth book and after)
Thucydides (Second and fourth book)
Stephanos Vyzantios National (both books)
Soyidas Dictionary
This here place, hiding a big secret. It happened at times of high past, then you and the gods were still kids and toyed.
In a meadow that precedent in beauty can't be seen today human eye, play nymphs and goddesses. The Nysio field called, like “desired” I would describe myself Hostage and grandfather will tell us the names of young girls who were playing amerimna there. Was the Electra, the Fainw and Leucippe and Rodeia, the Ianthe, the Kalliroi, the Iachi and the fate, the Ianira, the Meliti, the Chrysiis, the Akasti and Milobasis, the rodochroi and Wkyroi Admiti, the Plouto, the Styx and the Rhodope Mountains, the ravishing Calypso, the Urania and the Galaxayra the welcome and the egersimacha Palace and the toxotria Artemis!
The wind caressed their rich hair, the Sun did shine, anakateyontan of the Meadow scents with the voices and the laughter of little girls. As that among the beautiful and fragrant flowers that have been collecting the girls, singled out one like this ever not made the Earth. Daffodil said later. From the root of xefytrwnan stalks one hundred, and so eywdiaze, who agalliazan the gods, people, up the deep sea theoskoteini.
First “the daughter”, the only one not you I named before and Helene Persephone, He bent down to pick it up and put it in the basket of. But all of a sudden started a rumbling chilling, all prairie began to tremble, the Earth opened and long beach emerged a chariot with terrible noise. Was he the King of the underworld. Hades and his name means he who does not seem. She grabbed her daughter and went to his basilio, to make her his wife. The daughter turned out great voice and tears, but no one listened.
Is the myth of Persephone. The Mpoyrkert, the Nilsson and Kerenyi, of the greatest researchers of Greek religion and mythology would write unequivocally, that he see the myth is the most ancient of human thought. Probably dates back to the Neolithic era. The Mpoyrkert in his book “Ancient Greek Religion”, We write that Mannhardt and Frazer gathered a huge amount of world mythology, in cases of fruit cycle. Nowhere could find something to connect with the mother and daughter relationship.
Why I write all this; But why this beautiful world that was suddenly and scary, It is somewhere in the plain of Serres. The Nysio field, where was the abduction of her daughter is somewhere North of Paggaio as we write the Appian. In this place the Greeks had the oldest maybe legend. Why does; Does and it's that ancient King Pelasgus of Argos, Aeschylus described to us and that we wrote in an article on the subject prehistory of our country;
But it's not the only legend that connects the mythic thought, of the ancient world with the Valley of the Struma. God Strymon River as we write in the Theogony Hesiod, the chaste Struma as we write Aeschylus, flowing side on guitars pangeo, in igatheon Nysiion, in the Nysio field, the Territory Sylews… God Strymon River which is the father of one of the nymphs that were playing along with Persephone that terrible day. He is the father of Rodopi. Oh and all the “lower Struma” called “Dance of the nymphs”. The Rhodope Mountains the acquired smigontas with the Muse Euterpe, with the Muse of music. Rodopi has two brothers. Two basilopoyla of Thrace. The Olynthos and Riso. And if we don't know the Riso, It is because we have not sufficiently Greek religious tradition. The religious tradition of our nation, had the hero at a level between gods and humans. Each city had the hero's protector, each Guild also, but the neighborhoods, families, There was the teichofylakas Hero who protected the city walls, the policeman who protected the boundaries etc… The heroes of the Greeks had been affect so much the barbarians, the Persians as they come to Greece, they made libations to the heroes of Troy. There was but a single hero who was a hero of all Greeks. There was no tomb. He found him everywhere. The worshipped in all cities of Greece. Shrines and temples are scattered, wherever you set foot in Greek. The cult of surpassed and Greece. Romans, Etruscans, but in the East yet, his name and worship of traveled beyond this empire still m. Alexandrou. The Greeks the hoisted on Olympus. They did two libations for him, one like God and one as a hero! He was Hercules.
Such was the hero for the Rhesus of Thrace Thracians. The sophist Philostratus the younger, passed from Thrace, the third or fourth century, He wondered with prices etychaine from the Thracians the Rhesus afirwismenos anymore, and timwntan as doctor, God of the hunt, of horses, soldiers and like alexikakos generally. But the Athenians and after the Spartans in Amphipolis had the Riso for prostate Hero. The mythical Riso, through the Greek poetry first encountered him in the Iliad. From the plain of Serres travels to Troy to fight on the side of the Trojans but cannot keep up. Evening arrives and falls to sleep. In the camp of Trojans, pass secretly Odysseus with Diomedes and the second kills him while sleeping. More will learn from the swmeni tragedy which attributed to Euripides and which has named Rhesus.
First of all also clarified the origin of:
“Re’ the winds dernomenos
the pageroys of Thrace, Paionia and”
“Around the Pangeo
and the Paionioys Plains”
But through the tragedy that takes us the myth of the hero, Learn interesting aspects of both the myth, and worship that obtained at the place of. Muse's mother speaks and says:
“After, When I gave birth to my sisters I was ashamed that I was without a husband and I got and let the dancing waters of your father. And not in the Struma gave human hands to grow but to anathrepsan the daughters of sources. And become King of Thrace, first among all men, my child.”
I stress that the Struma gave the Riso on Pupae to raise and to revert to the lower Strymon is dancing Nymphs, The nymphs who play along with Persephone in Nysio field (that is called Nysio of Nysiidwn, which are the nymphs who raised Dionysus). Filled with Grubs (with several names like for example in the Darnakochwria call kalotkes) is the modern folk tradition in this place.
Diomedes destroy the Riso in his sleep. |
But after the tragedy, gives us some weird religious cult of details Risos. The companions of the bring to his homeland to bury him, but his mother will ask for pardon from Persephone for her son:
“He won't get on the all-black earth soil,
This request will make the bride of katou world,
the daughter of the goddess Demeter who gives all the fruits,
Let my soul to this here…”
And below will tell us, What will be the position of the Risos within eternity:
“Hidden in the bowels of the Earth asimoflebis
like anthrwpodaimwn It lies and will be alive, like
Prophet of Bacchus left the cliffs of Pageos,
kalodiathetos God for those people will know him well.”
The translation of the text is from the Zitros and anthrwpodaimwn versions translate as “anthrwpotheos”. But the Greek tragic in our prototype the Group clearly teaches:
“…kryptos (d)’ chthonos ypargyroy in antrois of
anthrwpodaimwn keisetai Gazer faos,
Bacchus Prophet so Paggaio rock…”
As anthrwpodaimwn well cherished the Rhesus in place and across from the sanctuary of, There is the sanctuary of the mother of the Muse, in another version is the Cleo. There are three other versions of the mother of Risos. Three Muses. The Calliope (EC of the: good + wps = this with beautiful eyes), the Muse of Epic poetry, the Euterpe (EC of the: EV + terpw, Welcome to terpw, Thanks), the Muse of music and Lyric poetry, and Terpsichore (EC of the: terpw + dance, the dance by terpoysa), the Muse of dance and Orchisews. The shrine of Clio which is found in Amphipolis, as has been found outside the walls, near the Struma, a shrine of the nymphs, with a jar at the Center, of which has removed the bottom and which has sunk to the rim of the, in the Holy Land. And in Pangeo know that there was an Oracle of Bacchus.
We turn again to the beginning of the myth that we began, in thanks that makes Persephone to the hero of the land from which he was kidnapped. But the strimon Valley has inspired the mythical man, and around the Meander forming, We have to tell many wonderful, bizarre and sometimes grotesque stories, for which you will write soon.
Just before I close this text, I would like to write to you and something I have not noticed many researchers, but certainly knew very well the Greeks and maybe the great interest and the cult in Riso. The Rhesus you say, According to Homer as a human rather than divine origin (divine origin of his father Struma), He was the son of Iionea, who was the son of Thessalian Magnes. And here is our secret. Magnis is one of the six children of Aeolus and Enaretis. Not of Aeolus, the God of the winds, but the Aioloy of Thessaly, the son of Greek! His grandfather Risos, He was the grandson of Greek! The Rhesus is the Greek triseggono, the progenitor of the Greeks!
The sanctuary “the nymph” located outside the northern wall of Amphipolis, a few meters by the North Gate. In the Center we distinguish the submerged jar. |
“… and now you raise Paggaiw as botani, Guitar called, the aitian in lifelong: Orpheus Diasparaxasai, members of the proeirimenoy at the ebalon River ebron, and the head of man, When pronoian gods, at the Dragon changed the form of the body, the Lyra katestiristhi, When Apollo proairesin, EC no blood enefani botani reystantos, Guitar called, the Rule is not performed, without this guitar anadidwsin, the d’ Home peribeblimenoi thyrsoys ktratoyntes nebridas, adoysin ' hymns, and then froniseis, When average fronwn, as full time c Kleitwnymos’ the tragic”.
Plutarch “On Rivers”
Onto our Pageo says Plutarch grow a herb called guitar. It is a result of basting of the mountain from the blood of Orpheus, When this dismembered the Maenads. This woman turns out guitar sounds, when committed the Dionysia mysteries and then the locals are wearing animal skins, and keeping thyrsoys chant hymns.
Priestess of Bacchus in 19th-century painting, dressed with pelt and keeping thyrso. |
It is the birth after death, It is the eternal circle of life, as he saw the Greek national tradition. The guitar and music, made from the blood of the dead Orpheus.
But the same pageOn so named from a mythical hero who looks on Oedipus. Is another ancient myth. And I will explain, After the recount.
The Paggaios was the son of the God Mars and Kritoboylis, and unwittingly became a tragic aimomiktis, not with his mother as Oedipus, but with the daughter of. To punish himself, instead for voluntary blindness chose death. Suicide mpigontas the sword in his insides, on the condition that until then was called Karmanio and from there and after she got his name.
“The first thygatri’ edramen s Karmanion syggenomenos agnoian term spasamenos and exceedingly regrets the sword itself aneilen…”
Plutarch “On Rivers”
This myth is ancient, because it is a myth prwtosyneidisis. Is the man who understands the affinity. While the animals, from where comes and our species, mated once adults between them. so the Paggaios, didn't kill himself, But kill the animal inside him, When acknowledged paternal relationship with daughter.
This term well, pangeo, They both praised, We know that had an Oracle of Dionysus. This worked and in historical times. It was under the supervision of the Thracian sheet name “Satres”, While according to Herodotus were famous Satres Bissoi, his priestly sex God Dionysus. The relationship of Dionysus in our place we know that was a special. We know that the gods they worshipped particularly in our area were four. Aris, Dionysus, Artemis and their Royal houses of Hermes. For Dionysus now the Manti and our place, We read a story of Homer from g’ Rhapsody of Iliad:
“…What neither the Lycurgus was able, Dryanta son of anchovies,
happy birthday to live, as the ' Vale with the gods in the celestial.
The holy mountain of Nysas Once they put the Dionysos,
bakcheyti of God, kynigise᾿ and eytys these all
cast their thyrsoys toys᾿ underfoot and Lykourgos antrofonias
with the goad of the stirred, and Dionysus fobithi
and in shore boytaei᾿ and Thetis in dechti in agali
skiagmeno᾿ what the voices were shaken in excess of Lykourgou.
With this triseytychoi gods were angry but then,
and the son of Saturn the etyflwse᾿ happy birthday again.
But not lived, what the immortals in all ochtreytikan.”
Of course mount Nysa, (Igatheon Nysiion, Nysio field) We know that it is in our County, but he swmenos from apollodoros myth won't leave us in no doubt:
“Lykourgos de Pais Dryantos, Hedoni King, the Strymon River paroikoysi, first exelaben this ybrisas. Whilst at sea and Dionysus to Thetin…”
The legend who is saved from many sources, It is a classic myth disrespect towards the gods, which leads naturally to crash the mortal, in tragedy. Besides this legend inspired the great tragwdo Aeschylus to write a trilogy with the tragedies Edoni – Bassarides – Neaniskoi Ki a satirical drama named Lycurgus.
Lykourgos well, Our region's typically Thracian King, It showed disrespect trying to banish worship of God from his Kingdom (in some versions of the myth, means to kill him). God left momentarily from place of terrified and found protection from Thetis. But Lykourgos with this Act aroused the wrath of the gods who echthreythikan. In conclusion the Lykourgos blinded, While most tragic narratives, Mad God and like another Ajax, thinking that cuts klimatsides, kills his relatives, his own child, and came to the logical when they started to beat with the axe and his own foot. When he saw what he did then was blinded. A third variant wants God to dry the land and this not giving fruits. He sued through his Oracle, that will not xanaginotan fertile land, If not punished with death Lykourgos. Then they took the King of the Edoni and imposed to horrible death in Pangeo, where “katasparachtike from horses”.
But if the oldest myths we have the perpetual cycle of nature, the consciousness, in the myths of mortals, the fate of standing there and lurks with tragedy. No one can be quiet and only one should be sure, that any joy in life, is obligated to pay with equal regret. And as a great pleasure, so greater and the regret. Such story will tell you in next post. A tragedy that happened in these soils bask and don't know, If it inspired someone big or smaller tragwdo, to be taught at the theatre of Amphipolis.
The attic is the tragedy have been more considerate product
that saved to create man on the planet,
throughout its history…
(D). Liantinis
The Attica tragedy created through myths, like him that took place in the land of pure Struma. A legend that you relate immediately now.
“Why est᾽ ἀrchaios ἀnthrwpwn apparent hand,
as if aIwn᾽ ekmathois brotwn oyk, If before
thani the, christos oyt᾽ eI eI oyt᾽ tw bad;”
Thus begins the Sophocles tragedy of women of Trachis, you go to tell the new performance, How “There's a reason why ancient Greeks,
that of people living, before anyone dies,
good if it was poor, you know you can't.”
And our story begins inside the belly of the Trojan horse. There along with Diomedes, Odysseus and Menelaus, It was crammed and the most brave lads of the achaeans. One of them was the Demophon of Athens, son of the hero Theseus and Faidras. His name means Dimofown = Demophon of Athens municipality (place, people) + fows (light, Flash), “the light of the people, He illuminates his people”. The Demophon had on the side of his brother the Akamas. In Troy led them a shared secret. When the evening opened the hatch and antrokardoi the Achaeans came out from the wooden horse, ran at the gate of Ilion, the opened and poured inside the army of Agamemnon. Screams and fires and looting, but the two brothers were not taking anything, I wanted something to their left hands, had the eyes nailed in women, until in the bonfires and the crowd, They recognized the person who longed. Aethra was, their grandmother. Had kidnap the Paris, When kleftike with Helen. The Aethra had gone in Helen's Palace the Castor and Pollux. The two lads didn't get any loot from Troy. Only their Grandma. Such agreement made.
The brothers Demophon and Acamas liberate their Grandma Aethra. |
So the Demophon took the road of returning to Athens. On the way back from the land of Odomantwn, who exoysiazan the plain East of the Strymon. There the College hosted Fyllis, daughter of their King of Sithonia. Was fulminating love of basilopoylwn. They say how did two guys together and that means in the fertile plain, ruled by the foothills of Pageos, until those conditions Menoikioy.
As that one day came a news on dimofonta, how the throne in Athens emptied and that we should hold sway. Cold sweat washed beautiful Fyllis, as the Demophon gave oath, that will turn into a month that and if you qualify. We take care to be given safely to his homeland the throne elsewhere and he will turn to reigned together with his beautiful wife, in this place. Fyllis gave him to have with him a box, I asked though to open only if you decide not to turn back. It was the same Rhea strange this gift.
But on the street caught Gale, than the angry Poseidon after the Trojan sent in all the achaeans, with first Ulysses. So his ship arrived in Cyprus Demophon. The days went by and the Sun had set 29 times on Mount Dyswron, forming those rough and majestic Sun dyseis. Such that make the pain of NOSTOS, to become heavier in the breasts of lovers. The thirtieth day which was the last of the deadline he gave himself the Demophon in himself, the Princess, got the Strymon and reached up to the sea. Vainly waited as I caught the nychtia. Any ship not seemed Strymon Gulf. Took the road of returning, dianyktereyontas in the first city of the Kingdom of the sea. Nine streets called the city and gave nine fyllis curses to the Athenians, within the infinite sadness. But the bore in love not news to turn the Palace of. They found the morning, throughout an arid one almond tree. Others said he died of grief, other how hung in this almond. However, the gods transformed itself in almond. From the top of the nine streets, to gaze from the sea, did and turned her beloved, on the other hand believes the Kingdom left.
The Demophon does not ever forgot the promise to his beloved. So although it was returned to their Kingdom. In the nine streets though the sued the bad news. Then ran and embraced with such momentum dry almond tree that she pulled out again leaves. Amid the sadness of the Demophon wanted to see what was the box that gave him the beloved, Although she told him to open it, only if you decide not to turn back. Just opened the box, While he was riding on his horse proud Thrakiotiko, that afionistike and threw him onto his own sword.
The Odomantes in honor of their Queen, They called around that place East of their Prefecture, Phillis, and even today that the State province name province Fyllidos.
They say that the first of the nine Fyllidas curses the Princess was suicide, just found out about the death of her grandson. But historians in the future, the saw clean. The one place that say Nine streets, the Athenians settled him after centuries and named Amphipolis. Nine times the Athenians were defeated in war. From the Peltasts of Drabiskoy with ten thousand dead, until the crash and the death of Cleon and as they gave the Amphipolis victory of Sparta in the Peloponnesian War, driving the great Athens in decline.
The Demophon gave oath to the gods, for something I did not know that he will be able to perform, instead of giving a nice reply and ask the beautiful woman of patience and faith, on measures of mortals. So as closes the Sophocles ' tragedy Antigone, will close and I this myth that I narrated:
Wisdom in happiness is the most important.
Have the gods not to show disrespect.
Always great words of mortals
with great misfortunes will be paid,
so that the passage of time
will teach the wisdom.
The myth has many variations. For example – the suicide, about his brother Demophon, the Adamas and indeed in Cyprus. My own choice is to tell him so with excerpts of versions, instead of dry academic presentations of these scenarios. The myth is mainly what: Narrative.
In particular we thank http blog://emmanouilpapas.blogspot.gr
By Spiros Sideris
A new round of interpretations opens with the conclusions of the study of skeletal residues of the burial monument on the hill Kasta in Amphipolis. Of the five skeletons that were discovered it was revealed that they belong to a woman over 60, two men (35-45 years), an infant and a male who had been burned and there are still a few elements remaining.
The study of DNA will show if there are kinship ties among the dead. However, the prevalent scenario according to scientists of the Greek Ministry of Culture refer to Olympiada, mother of Alexander the Great as the woman who was found buried. "The only woman who could justify the existence of the Lion at the top of the hilltop is the mother of Alexander. Olympiada had been in charge of an army in two occasions; once of the Mollosons (of whom she originated) and once of the Macedonians by marriage with Philip III. She moved against Cassander as leader of the Macedonians and let's not forget that she led the Army of Epirus when she needed to face him, in order to strengthen the position of the small at the time son of Alexander.
The scrapping of the bones is attributed, accordance to the estimates of the interdisciplinary team which investigated material (Universities Aristotle and Democritus), to grave robbers ' activity. "It is clear now that the scrambling can be attributed to them". Now for the coexistence of the newborn, the two men and the ashes of the male next to the elderly woman, they will become "food" for historians and other scientific disciplines. "Besides, the children of Cassander and Thessaloniki (half sister of Alexander) were grandchildren of Olympiada. And as mentioned by historical sources they killed each other ", archaeologists point out.
Woman in menopause
The woman is estimated, according to the sex determination made under specific indicators – to be over 60 years old, height 1.57m, as shown by the long-bone measurements. Indeed, the largest number of bones found in the cist tomb belong to the female skeleton.
Death by a sharp instrument
The men are thought to be between 35-45 years of age.
It is noted that the relatively youngest of the two males, with a height calculated at 1.68 m, bear cut marks on the left and upper thoracic area, on two bones and to the cervical vertebra, as well as to the lower surface of the sternum end of the left clavicle. They were consistent with aggressive blows-injuries, which should have been caused by contact with a sharp instrument eg knife and were the cause of his death, since they do not appear to have healed.
The second man, with a height of 1.62 to 1.63m, is slightly older than the first, has evidence transverse fully healed fracture in his right radius, relatively close to the right wrist. Moreover, both men have degenerative osteoarthritis and spondylitis lesions in different parts of their skeletons.
The infant
The fourth person is a newborn, but scientists were unable to determine the sex, since the morphological characteristics of sex discrimination in the bones of infants are not clear.
The ashes
From the fifth person are saved just only nine (9) fragments, especially long bones, that bare all deformations and discolorations (off white and blue / gray) (photo) found in cases of complete combustion incarnate dead and probably belongs to an adult person.
The general condition the skeletal residues were found point to the scraping from anthropogenic interference, which apparently involved both the inside the space 4 and inside the cist tomb.
A number of analytical methods in the skeletal findings of the burial monument of the Kasta hill castes will give more information for better documentation, relating to pathological deteriorations, their diet, the affinity and the place of origin of these people, ie whether they are people who were born and raised Amphipolis or people who have moved from somewhere else in their lives and were buried in this tomb.
This article was originally published in: Balkaneu.com
Read more at: http://archaeologynewsnetwork.blogspot.dk/2015/01/alexander-great-virtual-museum-to-be.html?utm_sour#.VL653S6Pmdd
Study On Residue Burial Monument Skeletal, Hill Kasta, Amphipolis
As has been mentioned in the press release of 19 December 2014, the completion of the study of makroskopikis bone material from the Tomb on the Hill Kasta, which has undertaken multi-disciplinary group of universities, Aristotle and Democritus, would be completed during January 2015. The Ministry had committed, an oral update, as proven in the related publications, that the communication of the results of the study would have a deadline of 20 January 2015. CONTINUE THE READING
Archaeologists may have yet to find conclusive proof of Alexander the Great's body, but they have turned up the remains of five people in the ancient Amphipolis tomb.
Bones of an unidentified woman, a newborn baby and two men, as well as fragments of a cremated person, were unearthed in an underground vault on the site.
The Greek Culture Ministry said research on the bones showed the buried woman was 60 years old, while the two men were aged 35 to 45 years old.
Alexander the Great was said to be 33 when he died, while his mother Olympias died aged 59 – although the ministry has not said whether the bones belong to either of these dignitaries.
It is expected, however, that Alexander and his mother would have been buried in separate tombs – especially given the fact they died seven years apart.
The other male could be the rumoured remains of Alexander's general, but further tests will need to be carried out.
The Amphipolis site, believed to be the largest ancient tomb to have been discovered in Greece, dates back to Alexander's era, around 300 to 325 BC.
The ancient conqueror died in Babylonia – in present day Iraq – in 323 BC, after a military campaign across the Middle East extending out to present-day Pakistan.
His mother Olympias died in 316 BC.
Alexander's exact burial site is not known, but historians place it in the Egyptian city of Alexandria.
Speculation that the limestone grave in the Amphipolis tomb site might belong to the legendary leader, to one of his generals, or to family members has been rife since the dig began back in 2012.
But it ramped up last summer after a number of chambers, and later the underground vault, were unearthed.
The Culture Ministry added the woman was approximately 5ft 1in (1.57 metres) tall.
The two men were aged 35 to 45 years old. One of the men (pictured) had cut marks in his left chest that were most likely from mortal injuries inflicted by a knife or small sword. The men had an estimated height of 5ft ein (1.62 metres) to 5ft 7in (1.68 metres), the ministry said
One of the men had cut marks in his left chest that were most likely from mortal injuries inflicted by a knife or small sword, the ministry said. But, Alexander was said to have died of a fever.
Both males had an estimated height of 5ft ein (1.62 metres) to 5ft 7in (1.68 metres).
Armour previously found, which is said to have belonged to either Alexander or his father Philip II of Macedon, reportedly would have fitted a person who measured around 5ft 12in.
But Andrew Stewart, an expert on Alexander art, placed Alexander's height closer to 5ft 7in.
The few burned bone remains of the fifth interred person, who was cremated, could not reveal the personal gender and authorities said further testing would be carried out.
The few burned bone remains of the fifth interred person,who was cremated, could not reveal the personal gender and authorities said further testing would be carried out. Further analysis will also be done on the bones of the woman and two men to determine if they were related. The bones from the newborn are shown
Bones with indicated cut marks were among the remains found in the underground vault. The vault was discovered in November when the culture ministry confirmed an entrance to a subterranean room was found lying beneath the vast burial complex's third chamber, found in September
Further analysis will also be done on the bones of the woman and two men to determine if they were related.
' Part of the analysis will look into a possible blood relationship, but the lack of teeth and cranial parts that are used in ancient DNA analysis may not allow for a successful identification,’ the ministry said.
Excavations at the site near Greece second city of Thessaloniki began in 2012 and captured global attention last August when archaeologists announced the discovery of a vast tomb guarded by two sphinxes and circled by a 1, 630ft (497-metre) marble wall.
Since then the tomb has also yielded a colourful floor mosaic depicting the abduction of Persephone, the daughter of Zeus, the supreme deity of ancient Greece, as well as two sculpted female figures known as Caryatids.
Experts have so far uncovered huge statues in the tomb (the exterior is pictured) but are concerned that due to the positioning of some of the finds, it may have been looted
Experts initially warned that the third chamber was probably the tomb's last, and that it may have been robbed in antiquity with any remains destroyed.
They said the plethora of finds hint that the massive mound was intended for an important woman – possibly the wife or mother of Alexander the Great.
At a press conference at the archaeological Museum of Amphipolis in November, the archaeologists said: ' The tomb has obviously experienced human intervention, as we can see so far.
Archaeologists also found a female head belonging to a headless sphinx. Because it was found further into the tomb than the mythical creature's body, it suggests the tomb may have been opened years ago. The head has tumbling curls, (pictured) which experts say were once painted a red colour
' Since the beginning of the announcements, we had said and repeated several times that we have very strong indications of looting.’
' Under the present evidence, we cannot speak of another room. This monument, as revealed, is extremely important, not just for the area and Macedonia alone, but also for history and archaeology.
' It also confirms that a lot of time needs to be spent on studying it: it's possible that the scientific community will be discussing this monument and its significance in the science of history and archaeology for the next 10 or 15 years even.’
Despite the discovery of the other chamber, experts were said to be convinced that important and valuable artefacts laid in the tomb have been removed.
There are even suggestions that British soldiers stationed in Macedonia during World War One, came across the tomb and removed artefacts.
Last year, the Greek Ministry of Culture recently showed off the mosaic measuring 15 feet (4.5 metres) by 10 feet (3 metres) that covers the whole floor of a room.
The female figure in it is Persephone – daughter of Zeus and the harvest goddess Demeter – who is wearing a white robe and riding in a chariot.
Experts say the scene shows her being abducted by Pluto and being led to the underworld.
She goes on to become queen of Hades for half of every year.
The scene, based on ancient Greek myths, was popular for illustrating tombs at the time and a mural on a similar theme is found in another royal tomb at Aiges, nearby.
The mosaic is composed of tiny pieces of white, black, blue, red, yellow and grey stone to form an image of a chariot drawn by two white horses, driven by a Pluto – a bearded man wearing a crown of laurel leaves.
It is being protected with layers of Styrofoam and a temporary wooden floor, while archaeologists work on revealing the tantalising contents of the next chambers.
The mosaic dates from the fourth century BC, matching dating of the other finds, which are also from the time of Alexander the Great.
There is widespread speculation over who was buried at the site – from Roxana, Alexander's Persian wife, to Olympias, the kings mother, to one of his generals.
A number of scholars believe that the presence of female figures, known as caryatids, show that the tomb belongs to a female.
Writer Andrew Chugg, who has published a book on the search for the legendary leaders tomb, as well as several academic papers, told The Greek Reporter that sphinxes guarding the tomb are decorated in a similar way to those found in the tombs of two queens of Macedon, including the kings grandmother.
The recently-uncovered mosaic shows Persephone being abducted by Pluto (pictured), who according to the ancient tale, is taking her to the underworld aboard a chariot
In Greek mythology, Persephone is the daughter of Zeus and the harvest goddess Demeter. The tale in which she is carried off to live in the underworld with Pluto, has inspired many great works of art, such as a statue by Gian Lorenze Bernini (left) and Dante Gabriel Rossetti (right) who chose to depict her with darker hair
He goes on to explain that the sphinxes guarding the tomb are most similar to a pair at Saqqara, which is thought to be the site of the first tomb of Alexander the Great – whose body, it is thought, was moved around after his death.
He also points out that the facades of the tombs of Alexander the Great's father, Philip III and Alexander IV, are similar to the façade of the lion monument found, which was thought to have originally stood atop the mystery tomb.
In addition to this there are also similarities between the Serres paving and rosettes and those found inside Phillip I's.
With all this, he believes the grand burial was built for Olympias or Alexander the Great's wife, Roxane, who are both thought to have died at Amphipolis around the same time as the tomb's construction in the last quarter of the 4th century BC.
Mr Chugg thinks it was most likely built for Olympias because the caryatid female figures are probably Klodones – the priestess of Dionysus.
Greek writer Plutarch said in a biography about Alexander the Great that his mother consorted with the priestess.
In it, he writes that Philip II dreamt that he closed Olympia's womb with a lion seal, which perhaps explains the lion statue thought to have been placed on top of the mysterious burial mound.
Experts believe the ancient mound, situated around 65 miles (100km) from Thessaloniki, was built for a prominent Macedonian in around 300 to 325BC.
not just for Greece but for the entire Balkanic peninsula, and described it as being of ' global interest '.
Prime Minister Antonis Samaras added the discovery ' is clearly extremely important '.
Alexander, who started from the northern Greek region of Macedonia to build an empire stretching as far as India, died in 323 B.C. and was buried in Egypt.
His fellow royals were traditionally interred in a cemetery near Vergina, to the west, where the lavishly-furnished tomb of Alexander's father, Philip II, was discovered during the 1970s.
But archaeologists believe the Amphipolis grave, which is surrounded by a surprisingly long and well-built wall with courses of marble decorations, may have belonged to a senior ancient official.
Dr Peristeri argued the mound was originally topped by a large stone lion that was unearthed a century ago, and is now situated around 3 miles (5km) from the excavation site.
Geophysical teams have identified there are three main rooms within the huge circular structure.
In the past, the lion has been associated with Laomedon of Mytilene, one of Alexander's military commanders who became governor of Syria after the kings death.
A paper sponsored by Harvard University that was published 70 years ago hints that this might be the case and that Laomedon worked as a language interpreter and sentry during the kings Asian campaigns, Greekreporter.com said.
Posted by ancientweb
The ancients our ancestors were deified several moments and aspects of daily life or social life and things you couldn't if you interpret or justify passed through the works and creations like mythology "gods and imithewn».
In Greek mythology, In addition to the twelve gods of Olympus, that was the most important, There were other gods not residing in divine this mountain. One of them was and GodDionysos. Was the most jovial of the gods and of the most loved people and offered a vineyard and wine
The hilarious God travelling sequel, visiting many countries and States to learn people how to cultivate the vines and how to make from their fruit wine. And, of course,, as a God of joy and mirth, I was traveling alone. The follower a bustling crowd.
The crowd that you saw women who danced with Berserker way, the Maenads as was, and strange beings who were people and animals together, that they were called Satyroys and Silinoys. Sometimes depicted sitting right hand of the father in Olympia lofts.
THE Dionysos as a mythological entity "is neither child nor no man, but eternal teenager, occupying a position between the two». With this form, represents "the spirit of energy and transformational power of game ' full of cunning, deception and strategies that indicate either divine wisdom or the archetype of «katergari», present in almost all mythologies around the world.
Stalwarts of God start along with him on long trips. I head the Dionysus crossed the Egypt, the Libya other countries in Africa. Then they went and Asia, in Arabs, inLydoys, in Phrygians, reaching up and India,where the most daring Navigator failed to reach.
Elsewhere the welcome friendly, their laughing or elsewhere were like enemies. But always there was the goodness of Dionysus and his companions. Fast symfiliwnontan with residents, they learnt how to cultivate the vine. The wonderful drink he God dread everywhere the fun. Made people forget their sorrows and emblazoned on their faces smile. Where she started trikoyberto feasting and not were other anything despite the cheerful sounds of musical instruments and the vivid songs.
So how can these people not worshiped the God; And it was God, Although his mother was a mortal, theSemele, the daughter of the King of Thebes Cadmus. THE Dionysos However gained immortality, that buoyed the gods from mortals and because his father was the Jupiter but more because it was born from God the second time. As strange as it sounds, the Dionysos twice born.
When the Jupiter ensnared by the virginal beauty Semele, approached and joined with her. Fruit of their Union was theDionysos. The Ira, however, wasn't going to leave but forgivable that the infidelity of her husband. Blinded by jealousy and revenge dipswntas, appeared in Semeleand with cunning way persuaded her to ask her lover to appear as God, not with human form, as always appear in front of. This will prove that she really loves.
Naive and unsuspecting daughter Cadmus, the next time you visited the Jupiter in the kamara, asked him to get the divine form of. Vain tried Zeus with words of love to dissuade. Bending forward at the insistence of appeared majestic, bright throughout the divine greatness. But it was impossible to endure the lacking mortal Flash of lightning and strike that ektinassontan from his hands. At a time when the flames on the wound Jupiter saved the infant she had in her womb and the thigh of them.
When completed nine months, Dionysus xanagennithike from the foot of the divine father. The King of Immortals knew very well that the jealous wife will quickly turned their anger on the newborn child. So we commissioned Hermes the keeping of. He handed it to her sister Semele,την Ino. The crafty Juno though sent craze in Ino and her husband and began mercilessly kill their children. The goddess had hoped that will kill so and Dionysus, but the winged God went and rescued the little Dionysus and confided this time at Nymphs.
They raised him with great affection and love, in the forest where he lived. Indeed, nowhere else we could not imagine growing God of the vine, Despite an idyllic landscape filled with trees and colorful flowers. There can never meet people. And when the King Lykourgos disturb the tranquility of pet chasing the Nymphs, katatromazontas theDionysus, punished hard by the Jupiter, which the blinded. So tough was always the punishment for all those people who epiboyleyontan God Dionysus.
The same bad luck also had some Tyrrinoi pirates who captured the God. When they saw a new so beautiful and Husky, they believed that this is some archontopoylo or even King. Happy thinking that will reap many ransom to release him, they tried to tie with heavy chains, but to accomplish· with a slight movement of the God was shaking over it. The amyaloi mortals however continue their efforts.
Only the Wheelman of boat tried to reintroduce them to the logical: "You don't see amyaloi how it is God; Don't be afraid of punishment; It can be even Neptune, that we will avenge our boat into throwing wild tempest. The best that we have to do is let him free ".
The captain and the other does not agree to let them leave "such treasure". At that time began to flow in boat red wine that stunned with the divine scent of sailors. At the same time a Klima began to wrap the mast and spreads loaded with juicy grapes branches throughout the boat. Watched bemused while the sailors, another miracle is before their eyes: the handsome young man who wanted to capture transforms into a fierce lion that the brychithmoi make the sailors to jump overboard to escape.
All transformed theDionysos in dolphins and not only felt mattered by rewarding him for his wisdom. As we have seen, Dionysus was loved and adored by people because they enjoyed the great taste of wine. They say that for the first time showed the King ofAetolia, the Oeneus. The tsopanis of, stafilos, had found a strange plant full of fruit and excited by the spiciness brought them and the King to thank him.
THE Oineas estypse zoymeroys them off and enjoyed the rich their juice. Since then Dionysus named him the wine and fruit juice grapes by the name of tsopani. Always with thyrso in a hand and a pot of wine in other cities had been browsing. Where find hospitable and friendly people, the learning how to make wine. So was and with residents of Ikaria,in Attiki, They greeted him with enthusiasm. Shortly before leaving their place, He advised the King in Icarian to preserve well the wine that made. But he did not follow his advice – "what harm can come from such an enjoyable drink!"thought.
The tsopanides of, someday, they found the barrels and drank so much wine that got drunk and started behaving with wild way. Having lost their sensible killed Icarian and his daughter Erigone from the heartache of suicide. The inhabitants of Ikaria particularly venerated the God Dionysus· in this area was cultivated much the dithyramb, the hymn to God, who composed the musical Arion. Indeed, They added something new. In music this anthem added lyrics. And because this composition the sang people disguised in Satyroys called tragomorfoys tragedy.
Of Course, devotional events for the God of the vine were, and in many other areas. Those who attended these events had to participate actively drinking wine and dancing under the influence of intoxication. Those who refused, were enemies of God and have attracted the wrath of. So, tragic end found Pentheawho wanted to keep hidden the orgiastic feasts. The Maenads, one of which was the mother of, in the frenzy that had occupied, pounced on and devoured. Persistently refused to take part in the devotional rites the King's daughters Minos, as the King Proitoy. The Prosblimenos Dionysosthe did lose their logical. Others say that for the fury that captured the young daughters of Proitoycause was the Juno.
Hard Punisher shows the Dionysos his enemies and those who are opposed to the way worship. At the same time generous benefactor to those who honor him and thank him.
When the King Midashosted his teacher, the old man Silino, that was lost, He agreed to fulfill his desire to thank him. The avid Midasasked to what,what he catches turns into gold. Soon the poor guy found that would become fabulously rich but would die of hunger and thirst. The bread that was touching to eat turned to gold and water she wanted to drink in Golden drops. Repentant asked God to make him as before and Dionysus who pitied told him that if he bathed in the waters of Paktwloythe River will offload the torments of.
God of feasting had many erotic adventures, like the other gods. The women in his life had a different location: There were safety pins when he was young and his fellow f ' nonstop celebrations of.
I once fell in love with the beautiful Ariadne,When he saw her sleeping calmly and serenely, looking like Goddess. His daughter Minos along with the Theseus returning to the Athens from the Crete. Waking up one morning to Naxosthe Ariadne see how her partner left and abandoned. Without knowing the same, He had come Dionysos (f) ' dreamTheseus and threats forced him to flee to his beautiful new.
All alone as it was in the desert island, like the Savior God appeared in front of, new, stocky, crowned as usual with trailing Ivy. After their wedding was, thrown by the chariot of God towards heaven.
The earth people were thanking him for the gift of the divine and the peace that their generously spread. The celebrations that were held in honor of was an unrelenting revelry, where all methoysan and sang. In this way were trying to communicate with their Dear God. Information that we hire from the Linear 2nd lead us to the assumption that the Dionysos as ancient deity was already known in the 12th century
The cult of the associated with the celebrations of vegetation, of the Holy madness caused by the drinking of wine and fertility. Common element in devotional practices is the point of Ecstasy, Sometimes the orgiastikis frenzy, that releases from the care of everyday life, giving the name Lysios.Apart from the fact that his name was associated with one of the finest forms of Greek speech, the drama in honor of organized metaloprepeis celebrations, like the "Dionysia" in fields,the ' Lenaia», "Flower Festival" and the "Dionysia".
There are three main forms, that shows theDionysos in the cult of. With emblem the phallus , the tree-hence the name Dendrite- or the Bull is a God of fertility and protector of crops, mainly the vine. In the second form is the enthoysiastikos Dionysos, with the emblems thyrso and theTorch, as well as the sequence, of The Maenads, of Play "Bacchae", of Thyiadwn, of Linwn and of Bassaridwn, like carrying the mythological narration. In the third and oldest form of entity of the underworld and bring the name Zagreus (the great Hunter).
He is the son of katachthonioy Jupiter and of the Persephone. In this third form Orfikoi the incorporated as their principal divinity, coming in contrast with the dionysiastes, fans of exhilarating Dionysus
With the Dionysus God of trees and plants made the return to "animality passion» of nature, away from the restrictions and references the "streamlining", something that distinguished directly at Bacchae of Euripides. With the name «bromios» latreythike mainly as a God born from the grain ' bromos ' and the alcoholic beverage that is produced, without being sure what exactly is this grain, probably was the oats
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